0
Nervous System
This category is for questions about the mechanical and chemical process of reactions to internal and external stimuli, ranging from the brain down to the spinal cord, and all nerves, cells and tissues in between.
3,047 Questions
Activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system during stress can lead to symptoms such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, pupil dilation, dilated airways, increased sweating, and decreased digestion. These physiological responses help prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response to perceived threats.
What best describes the effect nicotine has on the central nervous system?
Nicotine stimulates the release of various neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine, which leads to feelings of pleasure and reward. It can also increase heart rate and blood pressure, as well as improve concentration and focus. Long-term nicotine use can lead to addiction and changes in brain chemistry.
What is a sense used when handling something?
The sense of touch is used when handling something. It allows us to feel the texture, weight, temperature, and shape of objects.
The somatic nervous system is a component of what nervous system?
The somatic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system. This system is responsible for voluntary movements and sensory information.
Does vitamin A drug help lacrimal glands?
You need to get this right. This is not the place to discuss something of such great value as your eyes. A Vitamin A deficiency can cause or worsen dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea. Vitamin A deficiency can cause impaired night vision. However, to much vitamin A can be Toxic. The answer to your question is to ignore anything you read here and seek a professional opinion
How many milliseconds is a typical reflex?
A typical reflex usually takes around 150 to 300 milliseconds to occur. This includes the time it takes for the nerve signal to travel from the sensory receptor to the spinal cord and then to the muscle to produce a response.
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for returning the body to normal resting levels after the fight or flight response. It promotes activities that occur when the body is at rest, such as digestion, and works to conserve energy.
What is the plasma membrane is primarily made of?
plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids,proteins and short carbohydrate chains.still the structure not visible.so there are several models which explains arrangement of these components.the most accepted is the fluid mosaic model
Classify neurons according to structure and function?
Neurons can be classified structurally as either multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar. Functionally, neurons can be classified as either sensory, motor, or interneurons based on their role in transmitting and processing sensory information, controlling motor movements, or connecting neurons within the central nervous system, respectively.
Are endorphins neurotransmitters?
Yes, endorphins are brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters. They transmit electrical signals within the nervous system.
What are the two physical parts of the nervous system?
The nervous system operates both voluntary and involuntary functions; it makes decisions consciously (such as my decision to answer your question) and also operates some bodily functions on an automatic basis, such as breathing and heartbeat, which I do not have to think about, and which continue to happen even when I am asleep.
Microglia are specialized cells found in the nervous system that perform phagocytosis. They are responsible for engulfing and digesting cellular debris, pathogens, and other harmful substances in the central nervous system.
Ipsilateral refers to structures or functions that are on the same side of the body. In contrast, contralateral refers to structures or functions that are on the opposite side of the body. These terms are commonly used to describe how neural pathways and connections function in the central nervous system.
What is the nervous system of a Cephalopod?
Cephalopods are widely regarded as the most intelligent of the invertebrates, and have well developed senses and large brains (larger than those of gastropods). The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of the invertebrates and cephalopods is the most complex of the invertebrates and their brain-to-body-mass ratio falls between that of warm- and cold-blooded vertebrates.The brain is protected in a cartilaginous cranium. The giant nerve fibers of the cephalopod mantle have been widely used as experimental material in neurophysiology for many years; their large diameter (due to lack of myelination) makes them relatively easy to study. Cephalopods are social creatures; when isolated from their own kind, they will take to shoaling with fish. Some cephalopods are able to fly through air for distances up to 50 m. While the organisms are not particularly aerodynamic, they achieve these rather impressive ranges by use of jet-propulsion; water continues to be expelled from the funnel while the organism is in flight.
Why does the polarity of a cell membrane reverse during an action potential?
The reversal of polarity during an action potential is due to the changes in ion concentrations across the cell membrane. When the membrane depolarizes, sodium ions rush into the cell and make the inside more positive. Repolarization occurs when potassium ions leave the cell, bringing the membrane potential back to negative.
Why is it so hard to diagnose nervous system disorders?
Diagnosing nervous system disorders can be challenging due to the complexity of the nervous system, the wide range of symptoms and conditions that can arise, and the need for specialized tests like imaging studies, nerve conduction studies, and spinal taps. Symptoms can also vary significantly from person to person, making it harder to identify a specific disorder.
Is adh stimulated by another hormone the nervous system or humoral factors?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is primarily stimulated by humoral factors, such as changes in blood osmolality and blood volume. However, it can also be influenced by the nervous system, specifically through signals from the hypothalamus in response to stress or pain.
What triggers an action potential?
An action potential is triggered when a sufficiently strong neural signal reaches the trigger zone of a neuron, which is the axon hillock or the initial segment of the axon.
The trigger zone contains a dense concentration of voltage-gated sodium-ion pores, which open and allow sodium ions into the neuron when the membrane voltage there rises from about -70mV resting potential to a trigger threshold of about -55mV as a result of a summing of inputs to the neuron.
The resulting inrush of sodium ions through the ion pores is the beginning of the action potential.
The sodium potassium pump prevents the accumulation of?
The sodium-potassium pump prevents the accumulation of sodium ions inside the cell and helps maintain the proper balance of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. This pump actively transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions it transports into the cell, utilizing ATP energy in the process. Disruption of this pump can lead to cellular and physiological imbalances.
Which component of a reflex arc is located entirely within the central nervous system?
Many authors refer to the CNS portion of the reflex arc as the integration center.
In regards to a monosynaptic reflex arc, the synapse is the only portion of the integration center.
Polysynaptic reflex arcs, have multiple synapses and interneuron(s).
What type of neuroglia forms the myelin sheath?
oligodendrocytes for C.N.S. and shcwann cells for P.N.S.
Is normal microbiota present in the nervous system?
While our nervous system does have its own specialized cells, normal microbiota are generally not found within the nervous system. The blood-brain barrier helps protect the brain and spinal cord from microorganisms that could cause infection. However, recent research has suggested that there may be interactions between the gut microbiota and the nervous system through the gut-brain axis.
Would The parasympathetic nervous system control and allow for active diuresis?
Parasympathetic stimulation stimulates the muscarinic receptors (and nicotinic) leading to increased Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defacation, increased Gastric motility, Emesis etc
Baroreceptors detect increased BP (vessel stretch) and increase vagal tone - > increase parasympathetic tone ->increase muscarinic stimualtion - > diuresis
Also consider the effect of Atrial Natruetic Peptide and its effect...
What contains utricle and saccule?
The utricle and saccule are both structures found in the inner ear, specifically within the vestibular system. They are responsible for detecting changes in head position and helping to maintain balance and spatial orientation.
Main function of the central nervous system?
The main function of the central nervous system is to process and coordinate information received from the body's sensory receptors. This system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which work together to send and receive signals that control various bodily functions and behavior. Additionally, the central nervous system plays a crucial role in transmitting messages between different parts of the body to maintain homeostasis.
