Nuclear Energy

- It is a fissile material: uses in nuclear reactors and nuclear bombs

- It is radioactive, emitting radiations and releasing heat: use as radio-isotopic heating units

- Being an alpha particle emitter is used in neutron sources as Pu-Be.

There is insufficient information in the question to properly answer it. You did not provide details as to what kind of radiation "this" radiation is. Please restate the question, giving more specific details.

When starting up a reactor it must be made slightly supercritical so that the neutron flux rises at a controlled rate. This is done by a small control rod withdrawal. Then when the desired power level is reached, the rods are inserted a small amount so the reactor is then just critical and continues at a steady rate.To protect against too large a rod movement leading to a rapid power increase, there are neutron flux sensing instruments that will detect both a too rapid increase (called the doubling time) and probably a high level relative to the desired power level, in absolute terms. These instruments will be connected to the reactor safety circuits so that if the operator ignores the warnings the control rods will be inserted automatically.

Carbon, mainly. Two helium nuclei make beryllium-8, which normally decays practically instantaneously back into the helium nuclei, but if a third helium nucleus hits it first it will make the stable carbon-12. More helium can then be added to make oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, argon, calcium, titanium, chromium, iron, and finally nickel before the process becomes endergonic.

Depends on how its used. If breeder reactors are used to convert the nonfissionable Uranium-238 to fissionable transuranics, it will last more than 100 times as long as it will if they are not used.

Uranium is the radioactive material element used in nuclear reactors, including the Fukushima Daiichi plant in Japan. Uranium undergoes fission reactions, releasing energy that is used to generate electricity.

Uranium-235 is a heavy atom commonly used in nuclear fission reactions to produce thermal energy. When a uranium-235 atom absorbs a neutron, it becomes unstable and splits into two smaller atoms along with releasing energy and additional neutrons, which can trigger a chain reaction.

Radiation waves, such as light waves, can be reflected off surfaces just like normal waves. However, the behavior of radiation waves can also be influenced by other waves depending on their frequency and amplitude. This interaction is known as wave interference.

There have been no significant leaks of radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant since the initial accident in 2011. The plant is undergoing decommissioning and cleanup efforts are ongoing to manage the remaining radioactive material. However, some contamination of the surrounding area persists.

The exact amount of energy needed to initiate a nuclear fission reaction can vary depending on the specific isotopes involved. In general, a minimum amount of energy called the critical energy is required to overcome the forces holding the nucleus together and initiate the fission process. This critical energy can be provided by various methods including using a neutron source or through spontaneous fission events.

Nuclear fuel has a higher energy density than fossil fuels.

The first self-sustaining nuclear fission chain reaction occurred at the University of Chicago's Stagg Field on December 2, 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project. Physicist Enrico Fermi led the team of scientists that successfully achieved this milestone in nuclear physics and engineering.

The wave that went over the seawall at Fukushima Daiichi was 14 meters, or about 47 feet, tall. The seawall was 5.7 meters, or about 19 feet.

At other places along the coast where the Fukushima plants are located, the waves were as high as 33 meters, about as tall as a 10 story building. Historic tsunamis in the same area had similar size in 1896 (38.2 meters) and 1933 (28.7 meters).

There is a source link to an article on historic tsunamis below.

You cannot smell nuclear radiation, nor detect it with any of your senses directly.

However if the nuclear radiation was intense enough (several thousand REM/hour) it is possible that it might ionize the air enough to produce enough ozone that you could smell the ozone (which has a very acrid sour smell). But if it is this intense, not long after you first smelled the ozone you would have already accumulated a dose high enough to have severe radiation poisoning and you could be so sick that you could no longer stand and try to leave the irradiated area. If you did get out you would need intensive care in a well equipped modern hospital to have even a 30% chance of surviving, without hospitalization you would die in no more than a month in indescribable agony.

Because their binding energy is greater than that of their products, thus permitting an energy release.

This is the same reason heavier elements are used in fission reactions.

The range of elements from iron to lead has the lowest binding energy.

The most promising equipment is the Tokamak, which is a circular toroidal chamber in which the gaseous plasma is circulated and heated, and constrained by magnetic fields. This was developed initially in the Soviet Union but has been adopted in several countries as a research and development tool. Up to now the best results have come from the JET (Joint European Torus) at Culham UK. A larger version is to be built in France called ITER, but it will be years before it is built and being used. You can find ITER and JET on Wikipedia and other websites .

The process of producing lighter nuclei from heavier nuclei is called nuclear fission. This process involves splitting the nucleus of an atom into lighter fragments, releasing a significant amount of energy in the process.

Nuclear energy uses fission reactions to generate heat for electricity production, while geothermal energy uses heat from the Earth's core and solar energy uses sunlight to directly generate electricity. Both geothermal and solar energy are considered renewable sources, whereas nuclear energy produces radioactive waste that requires careful disposal. Additionally, nuclear energy plants are more complex and costly to build compared to geothermal and solar energy systems.

At present, and in fact since commercial power started, in the US the spent fuel has been stored on the power station sites, in water filled storage ponds. In recent years these have had to be supplemented in some locations with dry cask storage. Since the waste has to be stored for centuries to come this cannot be seen as satisfactory, and some permanent repository will have to be provid ed.This would have to be underground in a very stable geologic area with no risk of flooding. However no federal government has been willing so far to force this issue through against local opinions.

Energy created from processing uranium and creating nuclear fission is known as nuclear energy. This process involves splitting uranium atoms in a controlled chain reaction to release a large amount of heat, which is then used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.

Approximately 61% of the electrical energy generated in the US is produced by fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum), while nuclear power accounts for about 20% of the total electricity generation.

Coal-fired power plants produce more radioactive material in the atmosphere than nuclear power plants. This is because coal contains naturally occurring radioactive elements like uranium and thorium that are released during combustion. Nuclear power plants produce radioactive waste, but the containment and storage of this waste is carefully managed to minimize its impact on the environment.

The half-life of tritium is around 12.3 years. To calculate the time it takes for 16.0 ng to decay to 2.0 ng, you would need to determine how many half-lives it would take for the remaining amount to reach 2.0 ng. With each half-life, the amount of tritium is reduced by half.

The reactor itself does not make a lot of sound when operating. Nuclear fission is silent, but moving water in the core (in a pressurized water reactor) might be heard as it circulates. But it would not be easy to put your ear to the reactor vessel as radiation levels would be very high and the vessel would be very hot. Certainly the pumps that are running to circulate coolant will be audible.