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Nuclear Weapons

This category is for questions about weapons that use nuclear fission or fusion to gain explosive power.

3,869 Questions

How did edward teller invent the hydrogen bomb?

Edward Teller is known as the "father of the hydrogen bomb" but is usually credited jointly with Polish-American physicist Stanislaw Ulam. Many scientists over the years had proposed designs, but Stanislaw Ulam came up with the key ideas of "radiation implosion and staging" and together they worked out how to use them in a practical fusion bomb. Prior to those ideas, none of Teller's ideas on building it were practical or fully implementable.

A variation of the technique was developed by John Von Neumann and Klaus Fuchs, who proposed implosion techniques in a secret patent in 1946.

A report proposed the eventual design of the H-bomb, or thermonuclear weapon, in 1951, and a large-scale device was tested in 1952. The first practical H-bomb was built and tested in 1954.

What Treaty placed a ceiling on the amount of nuclear weapons the US and Soviet Union could possess?

SALT, the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, was the agreement signed by the US and USSR to limit the production of nuclear weapons.

Following a nuclear detonation will some of the casualties with survivable injuries possibly have radiological contamination?

Triage and treat for most critical injury. If that involves some radiological exposure to medical personal, they will need minor treatment later. Radiological decontamination procedures on burn or blast victims are likely to be more life threatening than original injury.

What is Weapon of Mass Destruction?

Nuclear, biological, toxic and chemical weapons.

The following are a list of weapons (real & under research) with massive destructive capabilities.

-modified smallpox (the most popular form of biological weapon). With some modifications, this disease is capable of crippling continents (modified smallpox research has been done in the U.S.A, former Soviet Union, Middle East, etc.)

-I.C.B.M. (intercontinental ballistic missile)

=> M.I.R.V.s (cluster nuclear warheads that spread out mini nuclear bombs like a shotgun)

-Kinetic bombardment

=> involves a weapon system in orbit of earth that launches a giant tungsten pole/rod onto the earth at an impact speed of mach 10, it carries the firepower of 225kg of conventional military explosives (also has strike 25 foot accuracy)

Authorized the US to furnish military supplies to other nations?

The Lend-Lease Act, an act of Congress passed during World War II authorizing the President to â??sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of . . . any defense articleâ?? to any country whose defense was deemed vital to the defense of the United States. The act was approved on March 11, 1941, while the United States was still officially neutral.

What type of bomb was Little Boy?

Little Boy" was the codename of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets of the 393d Bombardment Squadron, Heavy, of the United States Army Air Forces.[2] It was the first atomic bomb to be used as a weapon. The second, the "Fat Man", was dropped three days later on Nagasaki.[3]

The weapon was developed by the Manhattan Project during World War II. It derived its explosive power from the nuclear fission of uranium 235. The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and the first uranium-based detonation. Approximately 600 milligrams of mass were converted into energy. It exploded with energy between 13 and 18 kilotons of TNT (54 and 75 TJ) (estimates vary) and killed approximately 140,000 people.[4] Its design was not tested in advance, unlike the more complex plutonium bomb (Fat Man). The available supply of enriched uranium was very small at that time, and it was felt that the simple design of a uranium "gun" type bomb was so sure to work that there was no need to test it at full scale. Small-scale experiments were used to determine the critical mass and other properties.

Why did the soviet union want nuclear weapons?

After WW2 The US was using the bomb as sort of a tool to get whatever they wanted, in 1945 Truman actually threatened to bomb the USSR with nuclear weapons 5 different times when the USSR wanted to take a piece of japan during their invasion, so in response to even out the playing field they developed the bomb in 1949

How can we protect ourselves from nuclear radiations and attacks?

Prepare yourself, your family and your property for the hazards of nuclear devices.

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The danger of a massive strategic nuclear attack on the United States is predicted by experts to be less likely today. However, terrorism, by nature, is unpredictable.

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If there were threat of an attack, people living near potential targets could be advised to evacuate or they could decide on their own to evacuate to an area not considered a likely target. Protection from radioactive fallout would require taking shelter in an underground area or in the middle of a large building.

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In general, potential targets include:

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Strategic missile sites and military bases.

Centers of government such as Washington, DC, and state capitals, important transportation and communication centers.

Manufacturing, industrial, technology and financial centers.

Petroleum refineries, electrical power plants and chemical plants.

Major ports and airfields.

The three factors for protecting oneself from radiation and fallout are distance, shielding and time.

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Distance - the more distance between you and the fallout particles, the better. An underground area such as a home or office building basement offers more protection than the first floor of a building. A floor near the middle of a high-rise may be better, depending on what is nearby at that level on which significant fallout particles would collect. Flat roofs collect fallout particles so the top floor is not a good choice, nor is a floor adjacent to a neighboring flat roof.

Shielding - the heavier and denser the materials - thick walls, concrete, bricks, books and earth - between you and the fallout particles, the better.

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Time - fallout radiation loses its intensity fairly rapidly. In time, you will be able to leave the fallout shelter. Radioactive fallout poses the greatest threat to people during the first two weeks, by which time it has declined to about 1 percent of its initial radiation level.

Remember that any protection, however temporary, is better than none at all, and the more shielding, distance and time you can take advantage of, the better.

A disaster supplies kit is simply a collection of basic items your household may need in the event of an emergency.

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Try to assemble your kit well in advance of an emergency. You may have to evacuate at a moment's notice and take essentials with you. You will probably not have time to search for the supplies you need or shop for them.

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You may need to survive on your own after an emergency. This means having your own food, water and other supplies in sufficient quantity to last for at least 72 hours. Local officials and relief workers will be on the scene after a disaster but they cannot reach everyone immediately. You could get help in hours or it might take days.

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Additionally, basic services such as electricity, gas, water, sewage treatment and telephones may be cut off for days or even a week, or longer. Your supplies kit should contain items to help you manage during these outages.

-FEMA-

How did they keep the atomic bomb secret?

The Japanese did not actually dodge our radar sensors when they bombed Pearl Harbor. At the time of the attack there were only mobile radar stations in place, no fixed radar stations were able to be built because of dissent in the government planning of the structure. Because there were only mobile radar stations they could only be operated during certain time frames due to the fact they were needed for maintance and training. On Sunday morning they were supposed to shut down at 7:00 however because the operators ride had not come he kept it running. At 7:02 he spotted the formation of the Japanese. After plotting their course and other necessary information he called his superiour who disregarded the information. He had disregarded the information because he took it for the flight of B-17's(i think?) that were supposed to arrive a couple minutes later and 5 degrees from the formation's location. He had also heard hawain music played in the morning which was oftened used to allow there planes to home onto the islands. Because of these unfortunate events the Japanese were able to penetrate our radar sensors.

What would happen if Russia and the US had a nuclear war?

Well, nuclear war. Both countries would likely be destroyed by missile and nuclear weapons. They do host the world's first and second largest nuclear arsenals (to many people's surprises, Russia is ahead of the US. In fact, theres is almost twice the size of Americas).

I doubt a soldier would even touch either countries land.

Where is a bomb used?

In war and with terrorists, but we try to avoid the terrorist part by killing and arresting them.

How many tons of TNT are in 1 atomic bomb?

Depends on the yield, which varies from one design to another and from one configuration to another of each design. For example the MK-5 bomb introduced in 1952 and removed from stockpile by 1963 had at least 3 different yields depending on the pit use: ~20KTons, ~40KTons, and ~70KTons. The Castle Bravo test shot was 15MTons!

There is NO nominal atomic bomb!

How many times more powerful are nuclear explosions than the largest conventional weapon?

Depends on which nuclear device your talking about though the largest conventail weapons is the Russian "Father of All Bombs" which is 8 tons and has the equivilent explosive strength of 44 tons of TNT. It is more powerful then the American MOAB which is the same weight accept only yeilds 11 tons TNT since the russians have some advanced fuel which is significantly more explosive then the american counterpart.

Probably the smallest nuke is the American M-28 and M-29 it was 40kg and had the equivilent explosive strength of about 10 tons of TNT.

The largest nuclear missiles in USA service now are generally above 50 tons (with the nuclear fuel being probably only 1% of the weight, thats a guess) and have an equivilent explosive strength of about 1200000 tons of TNT or 1.2 Mt

The largest ever nuclear bomb has Tsar Bomba (early hydrogen bomb) which was 26 tons (10 tons nuclear fuel) and was the equivilent of 5700000 tons of TNT or 57Mt, to put this in perspective it had a fireball with a diameter of 5.3 km, if you were 100 kms away you would still get third degree burns and had the power of all explosives used in WWII times by ten.

So the simplest answer is the largest conventional weapon FOAB about as strong as a small tactical nuke, with current high yield USA missiles being about 30,000 times more powerful, and Tsar Bomba being about 1710000 times more powerful.

How much plutonium used in nagasaki bomb?

None.

Fat Man, the bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan was an atomic bomb. An atomic bomb uses a nuclear reaction to create a very large explosion. Fat Man had a yield of 21 Kilotons. That's 21 kilotons of TNT, which is equal to 43 million sticks of dynamite.

Seriously, all you had to do was look up Nagasaki Bombing on Wikipedia, and follow the link to Fat Man. I am really losing faith in our generation...

What was the Arms Race?

It was in the middle of the Cold War. This is describing the "race" between Russia (USSR) and the United States and both of their atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs. Arms Race = A race between to nations to produce the most weapons and the most powerful weapons. Ex) The cold war.. the USSR and the USA. And im guessing the US goal was to get more weapons than the USSR?

Were tanks used to carry heavy weapons during World War 1?

No. In military terms the tank in WW1 was so underpowered that it could barely move itself ! But then the motor car was in its infancy, the largest thing a tank had in terms of weaponry was a small cannon type gun or a heavy machine gun. It is noticable that the tank in WW2 improved noticably post 1940, but in WW1, although effective in small measure, the tank had novelty value because of its invincibility. Mechanical failure however made it vulnerable & unreliable.

Name the cities that have been bombed by nuclear weapons?

There have been two nuclear weapons detonated as offensive weapons during war. Both nuclear bombs were dropped by the United States on Japan near the end of World War II. The first nuclear weapon (code named "Little Boy") was detonated on August 6, 1945 over Hiroshima, Japan. The second (code named "Fat Man") was on August 9, 1945 over Nagasaki, Japan. The destruction was so horrific, that the fact of the destruction has served as a deterrent to the use of nuclear weapons ever since.

What fears did the scientists have about using the atomic bomb?

The people of the world has seen the destruction in Japan so now everyone knew the damages.

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Chaotic conditions made accurate accounts most difficult. Some victims were vaporized instantly, many survivors were horribly disfigured, and death from radiation was uncertain-it might not claim its victims for days, weeks, months, or even years.

The initial death count in Hiroshima, set at 42,000-93,000, was based solely on the disposal of bodies, and was thus much too low. Later surveys covered body counts, missing persons, and neighborhood surveys during the first months after the bombing, yielding a more reliable estimate of 130,000 dead as of November 1945. A similar survey by officials in Nagasaki set its death toll at 60,000-70,000. (Its plutonium bomb was more powerful, but its destructive range was limited by surrounding hills and mountains).

Additional counts indicated high levels of short-term mortality in both cities:

-Over 90% of persons within 500 meters (1,600 ft.) of ground zero in both cities died.

-At 1.5 km (almost one mile), over 2/3 were casualties, and 1/3 died.

-Of those at a distance of 2 km (1.2 mi.), half were casualties, 10% of whom died.

-Casualties dropped to 10% at distances over 4 km (2.4 mi.)

Atomicbombmuseum

Countries who acquired nuclear weapons?

Currently, nine states possess nuclear weapons.

United States - Tested its first nuclear weapon in 1945

Russia - Tested its first nuclear weapon in 1949

United Kingdom - Tested its first weapon in 1952

France - Tested its first weapon in 1960

China - Tested its first weapon in 1964

India - Tested its first weapon in 1974

Pakistan - Tested its first weapon in 1998

Israel - Acquired weapons sometime between 1967-1971

North Korea - Tested its first weapon in 2009

Four states have ended their nuclear programs

South Africa - de-nuclearized in 1991

Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan - Returned nuclear weapons to Russia in mid-1990s.

Nuclear Aspirants, but no nuclear program or weapons

Germany, Canada, Libya, Japan, Argentina, Syria. Sweden, Egypt, South Korea, Switzerland, Iraq, Taiwan

Future nuclear states?

Iran

See, Peter Beckman et. al, Nuclear Weapons, Nuclear States, and Terrorism (2007), 41.

Can lasers destroy missiles and bombs?

The answer is yes, lasers can destroy incoming missiles and bombs.

What kills more h-bomb or a-bomb?

different letters in the alphabet

An "A-bomb" is usually a fission bomb (plutonium or Uranium fissions = splits into lighter elements)

An "H-bomb" is a fusion bomb wherein Hydrogen (or some isotope of it) "fuses" into heavier elements. Often an H-bomb needs the energy of an A-bomb to start its nuclear reaction but the output is SO much greater that the A-bombs energy output is dwarfed by the enormous fusion explosion.