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Oceanography

Oceanography, also called marine science, is the study of oceans. It includes the study of physical oceanography, marine chemistry, marine geology, and marine biology. Areas covered in oceanography are the shape, depth, and distribution of oceans, and also their composition, life forms, ecology, and water currents, as well as their legal status. If you would like to know more or share your knowledge about oceanography, ask and answer questions here! Includes questions related to the study of Earth's oceans and seas.

1,839 Questions

What did the word oceanography come from?

The word "oceanography" comes from the Greek words "okeanos" meaning ocean and "graphein" meaning to write or describe. Oceanography is the study of the physical, chemical, biological, and geological components of the ocean.

What type of ocean wave moves the fastest?

Tsunamis are the fastest ocean waves, traveling across the ocean at speeds of up to 500-600 miles per hour. This is much faster than wind-generated waves or currents.

What percent of the oceans have been explored?

It is hard to say, but almost all of Earth's surface have explored excluding the thick forests which are rumoured to have monsters in it such as the Yeti. However, the deep seas and oceans remain as the most unexplored places on Earth due to current underwater travel technology, which is not advanced enough.

What happens to the PH of seawater when calcium carbonate materials dissolve in seawater?

The Ph level of seawater decreases when Carbon Dioxide is introduced. The basic chemical equation for this is:

CO2(aq) + H2O(l) <--> H2CO3(aq)

H2CO3(aq), Carbonic acid, is a very weak acid that will easy dissociate into H+ and HCO3-. This means that only about 1% of the dissolved CO2 actually affects the pH of seawater as an acid.

However, the increased acidity produced by the addition of CO2 has many negative consequences to the ocean environment. When carbonic acid dissociates, it produces CO32-, the carbonate ion. This ion can react with many dissolved metal ions, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, forming precipitates such as limestone and dolomite on the ocean floor. In addition, excessively acidic surface seawater can also dissolve some types of rocks, such as limestone, weakening the stone and creating many holes. Both of these reactions affect ocean life by very quickly and drastically changing the composition of the abiotic environment.

Plain shared by western Australia and south Australia?

The Nullarbor Plain is a vast, treeless expanse shared by Western Australia and South Australia. It covers an area of approximately 200,000 square kilometers and is known for its flat terrain and arid conditions. The Nullarbor Plain is crossed by the Eyre Highway, a major road that connects the two states.

What are benefits from tides?

Tides provide a source of renewable energy through tidal power generation. They also play a key role in maintaining healthy coastal ecosystems by flushing out pollutants. Additionally, tides support marine biodiversity by influencing nutrient distribution and providing habitat for various species.

Why equivalent conductance increase with dilution whereas specific conductance decrease?

the specific conductance of the electrolyte falls because of the no of current carring particles i.e. ions present per centimetercube of the soltion becomes less and less on dilution

how ever increase in eqi bacause it is the product of specific conductance and rthe volume v of the sol contain 1 gm of eq electrolyte or one mole of the elecrtrolute that's why .............................................

What is an example of Oceanography?

An example of oceanography is studying how changes in ocean temperature and currents impact marine life distributions and ecosystems. Scientists may use tools like satellites, buoys, and underwater robots to collect data on these changes and understand their broader implications on the health of the oceans. This research helps us better predict and respond to the effects of climate change on our oceans.

When was the NOAA established?

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was established on October 3, 1970. It is an agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere.

Tectonic process in associated with convection currents?

Yes, it is believed that the movements of Plate Tectonics is generated by the convection currents in the mantle. The continents are made up of rocks somewhat lighter than the dense dark-coloured volcanic rocks of the interior. They therefore float on the denser rocks.

The same convection currents, or the net effect of them, is believed to generate the electric currents that produce the Earth's magnetic field.

What are the harmless sea creatures?

Some examples of harmless sea creatures include jellyfish, sea stars, sea anemones, and certain species of small fish like clownfish or damselfish. These creatures generally do not pose a threat to humans and are essential parts of the marine ecosystem.

What causes breakers to crash into the ocean floor?

Previous answer: gravity

Gravity is part of the answer, but not all of it. That doesn't explain how the water rose to point where it could crash down by gravity. I'm a little rusty but if I remember my old college class correctly, as waves move towards shore, they disturb the water underneath them at a depth equal to one half their wavelength.

So as an example if 2 waves were coming in together with one trailing the other by 8 feet, they disturb the water underneath them at a depth of 4 feet. When they are in deep water, they don't crest but just look like 2 rolling hills. As they approach water shallower than one half their wavelength, the disturbed water below the wave is hitting against the ocean floor and begins to put a drag on the lower part of the wave. Meanwhile the top of the wave isn't disturbed so it crests and falls over the bottom part of the wave.

Is there a health Effect of going below sea level?

No, unless you mean in water then yes, depending on how deep you go. I saw on discovery that people who deep sea dive have to be decompressed after because the pressure on their lungs when they go so far down into the ocean.

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Half right. You've not quite understood decompression.

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In deep sea diving the body's internal pressure becomes that of its surroundings, more or less. The diver breathes air or a special gas mixture whose pressure fed to the diver is adjusted automatically by the "regulator" valve to be always very slightly below ambient, so he or she can breathe normally through the mouthpiece.

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What you are talking about - decompression - is to allow nitrogen in the bloodstream to disperse naturally. Too rapid an ascent will make it effervesce, creating bubbles that can lodge in blood-vessels and cause at least severe pain. So the diver stops for a calculated time at certain points on the ascent, to decompress. Sometimes he or she may switch to breathing pure oxygen during this, but at fairly shallow depth, to purge the excess nitrogen from the blood. Even with all these precautions divers still have to be careful what they do for at least a day after the diving day, and diving tourists are told not to dive on the day before they are due to fly home. They go snorkelling or sight-seeing instead.

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For the deepest dives, specially- calculated mixtures of gas are used to avoid another danger: oxygen poisoning. This occurs when oxygen is breathed at high pressure, .i.e. at quite considerable depth.

What are all the tides names?

The two main types of tides are spring tides and neap tides. Spring tides occur during the full moon and new moon phases when the sun, moon, and Earth are aligned, creating higher high tides and lower low tides. Neap tides occur during the first and third quarter moon phases when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other, resulting in lower high tides and higher low tides.

What percent of Earth's water is not drinkable?

0.5% _2% Only 0.37% of the water on the earth is drinkable. See the following article for more information on it.

http://academic.evergreen.edu/g/grossmaz/MURPHYMW/

What are ocean breakers?

Ocean breakers are large waves that form and break typically near the shoreline. They are caused by the interaction of wind, currents, and obstacles in the water. Breakers are important for coastal erosion and the formation of beaches.

The top layer of the ocean floor is primarily?

composed of sediments such as sand, silt, and clay. These sediments are deposited by erosion, rivers, and currents, creating a layer that varies in thickness and composition. Marine organisms, such as plankton and corals, also contribute to the top layer by depositing calcium carbonate skeletons.

What causes incoming ocean waves to bend so that they are nearly parallel to the shoreline?

Incoming ocean waves bend and become nearly parallel to the shoreline due to refraction. This occurs because the part of the wave closest to the shore starts to slow down as the water becomes shallower. As a result, the wave bends or refracts towards the shore, resulting in an almost parallel orientation to the coastline.

What are the biggest earthquakes ever recorded?

The 1960 Valdivia earthquake or Great Chilean Earthquake of 22 May 1960 is to date the most powerful earthquake ever recorded on Earth, rating 9.5 on the moment magnitude scale. It occurred in the afternoon and its resulting tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia, and the Aleutian Islands in Alaska

What river in the chesapeake bay watershed contributes fresh water?

The Susquehanna River is the largest river that flows into the Chesapeake Bay, contributing a significant amount of fresh water to the bay's ecosystem.

What is the tied called that has the smallest difference between low and high tides?

A neap tide has the smallest difference between low and high tides. This occurs when the sun, moon, and Earth form a right angle, resulting in weaker gravitational forces.

The oceans help provide an exchange of gases with the atmosphere by dissolving what?

The oceans help provide an exchange of gases with the atmosphere by dissolving oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is essential for marine life to breathe, while carbon dioxide is important for regulating the Earth's climate through its presence in the carbon cycle.

What wind drives equatorial currents?

The wind that drives equatorial currents is primarily the Trade Winds. These winds blow consistently from east to west near the equator, pushing surface waters in the same direction and creating equatorial currents. The Coriolis effect also influences the direction of these currents.

What is the temperature of a tsunami?

It can any temperature that would would commonly encounter in water on Earth. Tsunamis are not dependent on water temperature and in most cases, the circumstance surrounding them would not affect temperature.

What wave type causes the most destruction?

Tsunamis typically cause the most destruction among all wave types. These large and powerful ocean waves are usually triggered by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, leading to devastating impacts on coastal areas.