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Operating Systems
Operating systems, both proprietary and open-source, include those produced by Microsoft, Linux, and Apple Mac
4,423 Questions
Advantages and disadvantages of distributed systems?
Advantage:
Improved scalability
Unlike a single-database system, in which the amount of data that can be stored depends on the limitations of one host and one database, a distributed-database system is easily scalable and, therefore, set up for growth. As more sites or regions become part of the Teamcenter Enterprise network, you can expand the database topology to include new databases.
With multiple databases, Teamcenter Enterprise data is divided into logical pieces, so that users usually work only with the data that is most applicable to them.
Improved performance
The majority of database inserts, queries, updates, and deletions are on user data; therefore, a distributed-database environment separates user data from centralized or shared data and stores it locally. Local user databases reduce network traffic and eliminate network bottlenecks on most transactions.
Local user databases also distribute the user load in terms of system resources, such as memory, I/O, and disk. In addition, a distributed-database environment separates the user data from the data related to operational or background processing, which also reduces the amount of local system resources used.
Increased availability
Because user databases are independent, if one database is unavailable, users of other user databases can continue to work.
In a distributed-database environment, selected classes are replicated in other databases when they are created, deleted, or updated. This replication increases availability. For example, by replicating administrative data to a local host, chances are increased that the data can be read when it is needed.
By separating data, administrators have more flexibility in determining the frequency and types of backups needed for different types of data. This also increases availability.
Disadvantage:
Degradation of performance on a small network
One user action can cause activity in several databases, some of which may be remote. The additional overhead of these transactions can be a performance penalty when the total amount of data in the network is small.
Users also see slower performance when accessing user data that is not local. For this reason, the distribution of user data must be carefully planned to balance the need for local data with the desire for fast access to a large amount of data.
Increased use of database space
The schema of all databases must be the same, that is, every table must exist in every database. Therefore, database space is used for tables that may never be accessed. When the number of tables is very large, the amount of space used this way can be significant. Administrators must use database storage parameters to size tables and reduce database space consumption.
Complex use and administration
The use and administration of distributed databases are more complex than for a single-database network:
Users must be aware of the concept of database scope and where different types of data are stored.
Administrators must keep the schemas of all databases synchronized and ensure that the network is configured to take optimal advantage of the distributed-database environment in terms of availability and performance.
Although database backups are more flexible in a distributed-database environment, multiple databases add complexity to the backup process.
What are the Network operating system covered?
IP, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Serial Line Interface Protocol Frame Relay, Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2),VLANs, Ethernet, access control lists (ACLs).
When will Google Chrome OS come out?
Google Chrome OS is expected to come out in the latter half of 2010*
This is not official, but it is highly rumored, and I work for Google(TM), so you can problebly trust me.
What is the main advantage of the micro kernel approach to system design?
Simplicity. The micro-kernel approach to system design keeps the kernel as small and simple as possible. This means that it is easier to maintain, and will likely contain fewer flaws. However, functionality not implemented inside that kernel (like device drivers) will need to be provided in another way, usually by other programs.
Why would you need to update your database program after you've update the operating system?
To make sure the program is still compatible with the operating system
What is difference between utility and application software?
Utility software was designed to help analyze, configure, and optimize a computer. Application software was designed to carry out operations for a specific application.
What is early system in operating system?
The early operating system now is window 8....now lunched to be available soon enough
What are the operating systems that are commonly use?
The most common Operating System is Microsoft Windows XP and then it is Linux
Ans#2:
Yes, most common is Windows, which you'll generally find as Windows XP or Windows 7 (a fixed version of Windows Vista). After that, on Apple computers, you'll usually find Mac OS X. And then there are various flavors of Linux and Unix, and systems like BeOS. Windows also comes as Windows CE and Windows Mobile.
Answer #3:
It all depends on what type of computer this is in reference to.
For typical desktops and laptops the most used operating system as of July 2012 is Windows 7 & coming in at a close second is Windows XP.
For tablets, smartphones and other mobile devices, the most used operating system is Linux (in the form of Android) and Apple's iOS 5 coming at a very close second (used on the iPad, iPhone, etc.).
For servers and such, the most common operating system is again some variation of Linux (primarily Red Hat Enterprise Linux, openSUSE, etc.), but also there are other Unix flavors (like FreeBSD and Open Solaris for example), and some Mac & Windows servers as well.
Finally, for scientific or super computers the most common is yet again some type of Linux operating system (like Scientific Linux which is what they use at CERN).
So, it boils down to this: Windows 7, Windows XP, Linux (in all its variants), and some Mac.
What is CPU sheduling algorithm?
Basically,this is a need in case of multiprogramming.For optimum utilization of CPU
it should be utilised in the meanwhile time when some process is in waiting state for some I/O or waiting for some event to occur.
So,for this many programs should be in memory in waiting state so that CPU can be allocated to some other process for optimum utilization of CPU.
A schedule(time table in broad sense) which will decide Cpu will be allocated to which process when some previous process is in waiting state.
Now this schedule is designed according to some criteria(algorithm) to decide CPU will be allocated to which process.
Some Algorithms:
1.First Come First Serve(FCFS)
2.Shortest Job Scheduling(SJS)
3.RoundRobin Scheduling(RRS)
Discuss how the following pairs of scheduling criteria conflict in certain settings?
• CPU utilization and response time: CPU utilization is increased if the overheads associated with context switching is minimized. The context switching overheads could be lowered by performing context switches infrequently. This could however result in increasing the response time for processes.
• Average turnaround time and maximum waiting time: Average turnaround time is minimized by executing the shortest tasks first. Such a scheduling policy could however starve long-running tasks and thereby increase their waiting time.
• I/O device utilization and CPU utilization: CPU utilization is maximized by running long-running CPU-bound tasks without performing context switches. I/O device utilization is maximized by scheduling I/O-bound jobs as soon as they become ready to run, thereby incurring the overheads of context switches.
What resources are shared by all threads of a process?
The resources that are shared by all threads of a process in Operating Systems
are
- Main memory
- Input Output Devices
- Input Output Channels
- Files
What are the disadvantages of an operating system?
One Disadvantage For an operating System Is that Your hardware will not be able to work at all until you wrote your own code for the hardware to do what you want it to do .
Where is the operating system stored?
In a Windows environment, the operating system is located on the C drive in the system folders. It can be manually installed somewhere else if desired.
hardware, firmware, kernel, memory manager, input output manager, file manager and application layer
What does the ios operating system do?
iOS is the iPhone's operating system that is used by Apple. It is similar to the Mac OS, and is theoretically more stable than Windows OS.
Business Software
What solutions work with your operating system?
On a Mac computer the operating system is OSX. All of the solutions are OSX based and are different for each application.
What individual is responsible for developing the Mac operating system?
Apple is responsible for developing the Mac operating System.
What software acts like an interface between the user and the computer?
it is operating system.........
