Operating Systems

1. Null Pointer

2. Memory Fault

3. Segmentation Fault

4. Neverending loop

5. Computer waits for a response but the program uses a void function for the return.

6. Never responds

7. Program Designed to terminate automatically when it is ran.

8. Array is outside of boundaries

9. Process was Modified and cannot operate.

10. Error Occurs that the proccess cannot handle and exits.

Burst time is an assumption of how long a process requires the CPU between I/O waits.It can not be predicted exactly, before a process starts.

It means the amount of time a process uses the CPU for a single time. (A process can use the CPU several times before complete the job)

Multitasking.

A 64-bit OS (in concert with a 64-bit processor) will be able to run 64-bit applications (applications written to take advantage of 64-bit OS's & CPU's)

The catch is, there arent any 64-bit applications on the market as yet, so you arent likely to see any advantage until such time as one is released.

Having a 64-bit OS would also mean you would be able to fit up to 16GB RAM memory that would be recognized by Windows XP/Vista.

By far the greatest potential advantage of a 64 bit OS is the vastly increased virtual address space. In 32 bit Windows all processes have a private 2GB virtual address space. This is totally independent of RAM size. In 64 bit Windows, when running native 64 bit applications, this address space increases to 8192GB, again totally independent of RAM size. For applications using large databases, video editing, etc., this is a MAJOR advantage, even if you have only 4GB RAM.

Another advantage is the ability access more RAM. In some server editions this may be as high as 2048GB. That is larger than what is currently commercially available.

Answer: Recall that paging is implemented by breaking up an address into a page and offset number. It is most efficient to break the address into X page bits and Y offset bits, rather than perform arithmetic on the address to calculate the page number and offset. Because each bit position represents a power of 2, splitting an address between bits results in a page size that is a power of 2.

An operating system is just like any other piece of software: none is perfect. Because of this, many attempts are being made to create the "best" one available.

Several operating systems are capable of functioning in a distributed manner, including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, and Mac OS X.

The stack is a local memory reserve where the program stores variable and function data. The heap is a special memory reserve where the programmer can dynamically allocate memory from. The heap is useful when the programmer doesn't know how large to make certain variables, he just constructs one of the right size during run-time.

When logging into any system on a computer, you should be very careful not to leave your log in information where it can be accessed. Always make sure you close out any page with your personal information before leaving the computer.

A binary semaphore is a semaphore with an integer

value that can range only between 0 and 1. A binary semaphore can be simpler

to implement than a counting semaphore, depending on the underlying

hardware architecture.To implement it in terms of binary

semaphores we need the following data structures:

binary-semaphore S1, S2;

i n t C;

Initially S1 = 1, S2 = 0, and the value of integer C is set to the initial value

of the counting semaphore S.The wait operation on the counting semaphore S can be implemented as

follows:

wait (S1) ;

c--;

i f (C < 0) {

signal(S1) ;

wait (S2) ;

}

signal(S1)

The signal operation on the counting semaphore S can be implemented

as follows:

w a i t (S1) ;

C++ ;

i f (C <= 0)

signal (S2) ;

e l s e

signal (S1) ;

An operating system

Yes, it is true.

It allows you to connect to a computer using its NetBIOS name rather than an IP address. It is similar in function to the IP Hosts file.

This technology is effectively deprecated (NetBIOS is an old technology) but allows the LMHost file to resolve NETBIOS names to IP address for environments with older applications. It is the last 'name resolution' mechanism to be used before name resolution fails.

Physically, it is a text file that is stored in Windows\System32\drivers\etc. A sample LM Host file with explanation can be found there (LMHost.sam).

It cannot be used with IPv6 and Windows uses DNS in preference to NetBIOS names since at least Windows 2000.

What makes you think Windows 3.i is not an operating system? Actually Windows 3.1 came as two parts, Windows 3.1 and MS DOS. Windows still comes that way! MS DOS is the operating system that runs the computer. Windows 3.1 contains the programs that you used. The operating system and the programs in Windows 7 are made separately, you simply do not realize that when you use the program.

Purely as Windows has 95% of the market share thus it is what most people are used to. When it is said to be "user friendly" what is meant is "the same as always".

However, try writing a 100 page document in Word or after your computer has opened a .exe file without asking your permission so that a virus may devastate your computer: not so "user friendly" then! The term used in this sense is a decoy, as if you try any of a large number of OSs and applications offer the very same services, these days with a very small lag time as many look (on the surface) more or less the same as the Windows version - yet may run faster/more efficiently.

A more up-to-date usage of the word "user friendly" is used when discussing application use. User friendly here means making the user's experience as efficient as possible - of course different users have different needs, so some things will make one user's experience more efficient and another less so! For example, if you were writing a 100 page document in Word it would crash/run insanely slow, in OpenOffice Writer or a LaTeX editor it would run fine.

System software is used to control and manage system resources (e.g. i/o device hardware, memory hardware, processor time), making them available to user software via standard interfaces that provide a common set of abstractions of those system resources. These abstractions make it easier for programmers to write both user software and driver software for unique i/o devices that may someday be connected to the computer and the driver software that knows how to control them must be installed as an addition to the system software so that it can also control and manage the new i/o device.

tangina mo

High level languages cant be understood by the computer as it performs all tasks in binary form. So its necessary to convert high level language into machine oriented language

Microsoft-Windows

hi,

First of all let me tell you one thing that before Microsoft there was very little scope for personal computers and softwares related to those computers. Still there were some softwares and software building programming languages. FORTRAN or formula translation, the first high level programming language, was invented by John Backus for IBM, in 1954, and released commercially, in 1957. It is still used today for programming scientific and mathematical applications. Fortran began as a digital code interpreter for the IBM 701 and was originally named Speedcoding. John Backus wanted a programming language closer to human language, which is the definition of a high level language.

At that time the softwares available were Aldus Pagemaker, Trillian, Wordstar, Computer Chess, VisiCalc Spreadsheet. WordStar - The First Word Processor Released in 1979 by Micropro International, WordStar was the first commercially successful word processing software program produced for microcomputers and the best selling software program of the early eighties. first desktop publishing program was created by Paul Brainard and a company called Aldus, the program called "Aldus Pagemaker 1.0" was released in July, 1985 for the "Macintosh" and in December, 1986, for the "IBM". If you go with the history of operating system than previously there was nothing except UNIX.

Magic Mail Monitor is (open source) best in my personal opinion. I have tried many email checkers and Magic Mail Monitor exceed them all considering the price and the features. ---- Magic Mail Monitor (MMM) is a free POP3 mail monitor with multiple accounts support. It sits silently in your system tray, and notifies you about new messages in your mailboxes. Then you can preview messages and delete unwanted mail in order to avoid spam and viruses. To help you fight spam, save time and traffic, MMM offers configurable filters, friends list, partial loading and other easy to use tools such as but no limited to execution of scripts and programs you specify. ---- Details and download link is here: http://mmm3.sourceforge.net/ Leo K.

The term "command line interface' is not actually used to describe an operating system, but a type of shell around an operating system.

A command line interface is an interface in which you enter commands, arguments and parameters as your primary method of running programs or doing work.

Depending on the operating system, the CLI may be the primary method of interfacing with the operating system.

Linux (And most Unix/Unix-like systems.) can be primarily CLI driven or GUI driven, since shells are treated as just another application in those systems.

modem

Some people, and companies like Apple. like to refer to it as the "System software."

humm i hope this is right because this is my bonas for my final.