Particle Physics

Protons and neutrons are made of smaller particles called quarks. Protons are composed of two up quarks and one down quark, while neutrons are composed of two down quarks and one up quark. These quarks are held together by the strong nuclear force.

Magnetic.

The nucleus of a hydrogen atom is a proton, which has a positive charge.

The electron has a negative charge

Opposite charges attract so the negative electron is attracted to the positive nucleus.

Atomic number.

For example, Hydrogen has 1 proton, and has an atomic number of 1. Helium has 2 protons, and has number 2. Neon has 10 protons and has number 10.

If an atom has 23 protons, then it will also have 23 electrons, assuming the atom is neutral. Electrons and protons have equal and opposite charges, so in a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

There is no specific number available on the total count of electron microscopes in India. These instruments are present in academic institutions, research labs, and industries across the country, but a comprehensive nationwide inventory is not readily accessible.

Neutrons. Atoms located above the band of stability have an excess of neutrons compared to protons, which makes them relatively unstable. This imbalance in the ratio of neutrons to protons can lead to radioactive decay in an attempt to reach a more stable configuration.

In a simple flashlight circuit, electrons flow from the negative terminal of the battery through the metal conductor to the light bulb, where they pass through the filament, creating light. The electrons then continue flowing through the metal conductor to the positive terminal of the battery, completing the circuit.

The answer simply depends on the environment that the electron is in. If the electron is in orbit around the nucleus of an atom then there will be a strong electromagnetic force acting on the electron towards the nucleus.

Roentgenium has two electrons on the outer shell.

In short, neutron capture is a nuclear reaction wherein an atomic nucleus captures one (or perhaps more) neutrons. The nucleus is then one nucleon heavier (or perhaps more, if more neutrons are absorbed). The new nucleus may be subject to further transformations, depending on what was formed in the capture process.

Many different atomic nuclei can capture a neutron under the right conditions. We often think of uranium or plutonium (nuclear fuels) as atoms that undergo neutron capture. It is, after all, neutron capture that destabilizes the nucleus and can cause nuclear fission. This is the process that we set up when we build a nuclear reactor or a nuclear weapon.

We can expose any number of different materials to the neutron flux in operating nuclear reactor. Atoms in the material will undergo neutron capture, depending on the conditions in the ractor, and (primarily) what the material is. In the case of cobalt, we will lower a measured amount of the metal in a suitable form into the reactor via a port. After a desired amount of time, the slug of cobalt, which was cobalt-59, is withdrawn. We now have a slug that has a fair percentage of cobalt-60 in it, and cobalt-60 is radioactive. The isotope emits gamma rays, and the slug is put in a casket of shielding material and can be transported for industrial use. (It might be used to X-ray welds in piping at a remote location, or sterilize band aids or other medical items at the end of a manufacturing process.)

This is true for all elements except hydrogen, which has only one.

Charged particles can refer to any particle that carries an electric charge, including electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. Other examples of charged particles include protons (positively charged) and ions (atoms with a net electric charge).

No, a quark is a fundamental particle that makes up protons and neutrons. Sound waves are vibrations of particles in a medium, such as air or water. Quarks are part of the standard model of particle physics, while sound waves belong to the field of acoustics.

The decay of an unstable atom by absorbing a wandering positron into the nucleus, converting a neutron into a proton.

One example is how a radioactive form of iodine, 131I, can use positron capture to become xenon, 131Xe. This is a stable, so the conversion is a big help.

The theory of everything is a hypothetical theory that seeks to explain all fundamental forces and particles in physics. Prominent physicists like Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking have contributed to the search for a unified theory, but as of now, there is no single accepted theory of everything.

If a meson were made up of a quark and an antiquark with different colors but the antiquark's color was not the anticolor of the quark, then the meson would not be color-neutral overall. This configuration would violate the requirement for color neutrality in hadrons as defined by quantum chromodynamics.

The Large Hadron Collider is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator, located in Switzerland. It is used to collide subatomic particles at high speeds in order to study the fundamental particles that make up the universe and understand the laws of nature at the smallest scales.

The currently accepted model of the Big Bang predicts that the early universe was composed of a quark-gluon plasma. After it cooled, baryons could form (baryons are particles like protons and neutrons which are made of quarks), and some time after that atoms could form.

If you mean which was DISCOVERED first, atoms, by at least a couple of centuries.

yes, cathode rays are streams of electrons

Protons are made up of small particles called quarks. More specificly, a proton is made up of 2 "up" quarks and 1 "down" quark. (note: 'up' and 'down' classify what kind of quark it is. Some other quarks are top, bottom, charm, and strange)

All subatomic particles with electric charge, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, have an electric field around them. This electric field is a result of the particle's charge and extends outward from the particle in all directions.

In each neutral atom of any given element, the numbers of electrons and protons are equal, as the charges in the atom must balance. Only the neutron number may vary amongst atoms of the same element.

Mobile electrons produce an electric current when they flow through a conductor in response to an applied electric field. This movement of electrons is the basis for electricity generation and transmission in various electronic devices and circuits.