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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
Does sn gain or lose electrons?
Sulfur typically gains electrons to form a stable electron configuration. It can gain up to two electrons to achieve a full valence shell of eight electrons.
The electron number is where on a periodic table?
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of any atom of any element. Because all atoms are neutral, the number of protons = number of electons. So the atomic number is the number of electrons. You may be confusing an atom with an ion. Atoms of elements on the right side of the periodic table have a stronger attraction for electrons than atoms of elements on the left side, For example, when a chloride atom get close enough to an atom of Sodium, the electron in the outer shell of the Na atom will move to the outer shell of the Cl atom. Now the Cl atom has 17 protons and 18 electrtons making a -1 charged ion. The Na atom now has 11 protons and 10 electrons making a +1 charged ion.
Elements in column 1 of the periodic table form +1 ions.
Elements in column 2 of the periodic table form +2 ions.
Elements in column 7 of the periodic table form -1 ions.
Elements in column 6 of the periodic table form -2 ions.
A neutron has no charge, it is electrically neutral. It is composed of three quarks - two down quarks and one up quark, with charges of -1/3 and +2/3 respectively, that cancel each other out to give the neutron a net charge of zero.
The Strong Nuclear Force (also referred to as the strong force) is one of the four basic forces in nature (the others being gravity, the electromagnetic force, and the weak nuclear force). As its name implies, it is the strongest of the four. However, it also has the shortest range, meaning that particles must be extremely close before its effects are felt. Its main job is to hold together the subatomic particles of the nucleus (protons, which carry a positive charge, and neutrons, which carry no charge. These particles are collectively called nucleons). As most people learn in their science education, like charges repel (+ +, or - -), and unlike charges attract (+ -).
If you consider that the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen contain more than one proton, and each proton carries a positive charge, then why would the nuclei of these atoms stay together? The protons must feel a repulsive force from the other neighboring protons. This is where the strong nuclear force comes in. The strong nuclear force is created between nucleons by the exchange of particles called mesons. This exchange can be likened to constantly hitting a ping-pong ball or a tennis ball back and forth between two people. As long as this meson exchange can happen, the strong force is able to hold the participating nucleons together. The nucleons must be extremely close together in order for this exchange to happen. The distance required is about the diameter of a proton or a neutron. If a proton or neutron can get closer than this distance to another nucleon, the exchange of mesons can occur, and the particles will stick to each other. If they can't get that close, the strong force is too weak to make them stick together, and other competing forces (usually the electromagnetic force) can influence the particles to move apart. This is represented in the following graphic. The dotted line surrounding the nucleon being approached represents any electrostatic repulsion that might be present due to the charges of the nucleons/particles that are involved. A particle must be able to cross this barrier in order for the strong force to "glue" the particles together.
In the case of approaching protons/nuclei, the closer they get, the more they feel the repulsion from the other proton/nucleus (the electromagnetic force). As a result, in order to get two protons/nuclei close enough to begin exchanging mesons, they must be moving extremely fast (which means the temperature must be really high), and/or they must be under immense pressure so that they are forced to get close enough to allow the exchange of meson to create the strong force. Now, back to the nucleus. One thing that helps reduce the repulsion between protons within a nucleus is the presence of any neutrons. Since they have no charge they don't add to the repulsion already present, and they help separate the protons from each other so they don't feel as strong a repulsive force from any other nearby protons. Also, the neutrons are a source of more strong force for the nucleus since they participate in the meson exchange. These factors, coupled with the tight packing of protons in the nucleus so that they can exchange mesons creates enough strong force to overcome their mutual repulsion and force the nucleons to stay bound together. The preceding explanation shows the reason why it is easier to bombard a nucleus with neutrons than with protons. Since the neutrons have no charge, as they approach a positively charged nucleus they will not feel any repulsion. They therefore can easily "break" the electrostatic repulsion barrier to being exchanging mesons with the nucleus, thus becoming incorporated into it.
They are leptons, which include neutrinos too.
There are many types of leptons, the electron, the electron neutrino, the muon, the muon neutrino, the tau, and the tau neutrino.
Hope this helps.
How did scientists discover subatomic particles?
Scientists discovered subatomic particles through experiments with particle accelerators and detectors, which allowed them to observe the behavior of particles at extremely high speeds and energies. By studying the results of these experiments, scientists were able to identify and characterize subatomic particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons.
What does the dual nature of electrons mean?
The dual nature of electrons refers to their ability to exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. This duality is described by quantum mechanics, where electrons can behave as discrete particles with localized positions, or as waves with properties such as interference and diffraction. This phenomenon is a fundamental aspect of the behavior of subatomic particles.
Select the atoms that are likely to lose electrons to form cations?
Atoms with low ionization energy and high electron affinity are more likely to lose electrons to form cations. Typically, atoms on the left side of the periodic table (Group 1 and 2) tend to lose electrons to form cations easily. Examples include alkali metals like sodium (Na) and alkaline earth metals like magnesium (Mg).
Pretty small. Although the exact mass of these particles (there are three "flavors" of neutrinos) is unknown, the maximum possible mass of the heaviest possible neutrino is about a millionth of the mass of an electron.
Which element on the periodic table has 19 protons?
The element with 19 protons is potassium, which is represented by the symbol K on the periodic table.
Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding?
Electrons. They form bonds either by being shared between two atoms or exchanged between two atoms forming an electrostatic attraction between them. If an atom of one chemical has a 'spare' electron in its outer shell, and another is 'missing' one electron - they will bond. Specifically, the valence electrons, which are the ones in the outermost energy level of the atom are the particles involved.
What is the result of the Large Hadron Collision?
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator, intended to collide opposing particle beams of either protons at an energy of 7 TeV (1.12 microjoules) per particle, or lead nuclei at an energy of 574 TeV (92.0 microjoules) per nucleus. The term hadron refers to particles composed of quarks. It is expected that it will address the most fundamental questions of physics, hopefully allowing progress in understanding the deepest laws of nature. The LHC lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference, as much as 175 metres (574 ft) beneath the Franco-Swiss border near Geneva, Switzerland.
If matter and antimatter collide will it kill us as human?
One of Albert Einstein's discoveries was that matter and energy are the same basic stuff, and that we can turn matter into energy. The formula is e=mc2, so that the amount of energy can be calculated by multiplying the mass times the speed of light (represented by "c") squared. "c" is a very large number, and squaring it makes it enormous.
When matter and antimatter collide, they annihilate each other, turning their total mass into energy according to e=mc2.
If a speck of antimatter the size of a grain of sand were to hit the Earth, the resulting explosion would be bigger than the biggest H-bomb in the world.
What has more protons iron or phosphorus?
Iron has more protons than phosphorus. Iron has 26 protons while phosphorus has 15 protons.
Why are electrons the only subatomic particles that can move?
The subatomic particle that can jump (technically it doesn't move, the technical term is jump since it moves so fast that it will go from one place to another without passing through the space in between) is an electron.
What element has 63 electrons?
Iodine (I) has 53 electrons; the number of electrons is identical to number of protons and the atomic number.
How are Neutrinos are created?
When alpha particles produced from polonium directed at Beryllium. It was noticed that some penetrating radiation are emitted from beryllium. These radiations carried no charge. These are called Neutron.
Answer by: Mohsin Ali
Why do electrons not spiral into the nucleus?
No one knows.
The fact that it doesn't has been the source of much of the uncertainty principal & quantum mechanics.
One thing you should know is that the electron is NOT a tiny planet spinning around the nucleus.
In fact the "stuff" of electrons is NOT the "stuff" of the nucleus (quarks) ...
maybe they repel each other, maybe they just can't be in the same place.
What do mobile electrons do in metals?
Well metallic Bonds are positive metal ions surrounded by mobile electrons, in the bond the mobile electrons easily slide past one another when subjected to pressure.
As for ionic crysal, pressure pushes ions of like charges into contact. They repel and crystal breaks apart.
The charge and mass number of a proton are?
No, there are the same number of protons and electrons in an atom, but I don't think that they have the same mass.
You're right, an electron is 1,836 times lighter than a proton.
An atom with an imbalance of electrons and protons is called?
I'm not sure there's a word for it. Ones with fewer neutrons might be "neutron-deficient" (or "neutron poor"), though a) that's probably politically incorrect and b) I think it refers to nuclei that have less than the optimal number of neutrons, even if it isn't actually less than the number of protons.
Where is the Higgs boson located?
The Higgs boson is a subatomic particle that can be found in high-energy particle physics experiments, such as those conducted at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland. It is not located in a specific place but is created temporarily in particle collisions before quickly decaying into other particles.
Where is the fermilab located?
Fermilab, also known as the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, is located in Batavia, Illinois, USA. It is a prominent particle physics research facility known for its particle accelerators and experiments exploring the fundamental nature of matter and energy in the universe.
Does an electron have the same speed as a proton?
Both electrons and protons can travel at different speeds. However, since a proton has about 1800 more mass than an electron, the same voltage will make an electron move faster than a proton.
Both electrons and protons can travel at different speeds. However, since a proton has about 1800 more mass than an electron, the same voltage will make an electron move faster than a proton.
Both electrons and protons can travel at different speeds. However, since a proton has about 1800 more mass than an electron, the same voltage will make an electron move faster than a proton.
Both electrons and protons can travel at different speeds. However, since a proton has about 1800 more mass than an electron, the same voltage will make an electron move faster than a proton.
