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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
Where are protons neutrons and electrons located?
Protons, neutrons and electrons are located in the atom.
The protons and neutrons are located in the atomic nucleus; the electrons are around the nucleus, arranged in shells.
What is the outer shell of an electron called?
The electron shell is also called the principle energy level in chemistry and atomic physics. The shells starting closest to the nucleus names go from shell 1 or shell K, shell 2 or shell L,shell 3 or shell m, etc. Each shell contains a certain amount of electrons the first shell starts with two and the number increases for each shell.
What are the specs for drilling microlam beams?
I checked and per a Roseburg Forest Products booklet holes up to 2" are permitted as follows:
No more than 3 holes.
Square and rectangular holes are not permitted.
Does not apply for cantilevers.
Hole to be centered on height of beam.
Holes (if more than one) must be a minimum of 4" clear distance between holes.
Hole must be at least 2 1/2 times height of beam away from load bearing point
Can pair production take place in a vacuum?
== No. In a complete vacuum with nothing there, electromagnetic energy (the gamma ray from which pair production might arise) will proceed unaffected and at the speed of light. The question asks specifically about a vacuum and suggests that there is nothing there to in any way react with the gamma ray. So the answer is that pair production will not take place in, say, the extreme vacuum of deep space where a gamma ray is passing. If we start "tinkering" with the scenario and, say, firing high energy gamma rays down an evacuated pipe through which we pass a magnetic field, pair production might then occur. But it is impossible to have a magnetic field without having the material to create it - moving charges. No moving charges, no magnetic field, no pair production. Pair production will not arise spontaneously from a gamma ray of sufficient energy to facilitate it, and this is almost certainly what the question is asking. Additional information There has been publication of research that suggests that a magnetic field can initiate pair production, but the investigation continues, and the idea of doing this "strays" from what is arguably the true intent of the question. It would have been easy to change the question, but why not leave up what is up? The idea that a magnetic field can initiate pair production is an interesting one.
Why do protons move away from high voltage?
Protons respond to any voltage, and moreso to high voltage. If a proton is moving away from high voltage, it must be because the high voltage source is positive. A positive will repel a positive. Certainly if the high voltage was negative, the proton would be moving toward the source. The basic laws of electrostatics apply.
An electric monopole is a hypothetical concept in physics where there is a single isolated electric charge without an opposite charge nearby. In reality, such monopoles have not been observed as every electric charge is either positive or negative and exists in pairs.
Give one advantage of a scanning electron microscope over a transmission electron microscope?
One advantage of a scanning electron microscope over a transmission electron microscope is that it provides detailed surface imaging with a greater depth of field, making it ideal for studying the topography and morphology of a sample.
Where is the proton located in an atom?
In the nucleus of the atom, along with neutrons. The electrons are found around the nucleus.
If the atom was the size of a Baseball stadium, the nucleus would be the size of a baseball! Most of the space in an atom is taken up by the electron cloud which surrounds the nucleus. That is why atoms are actually mostly empty space.
What is the factor that affects how easily an electron can be removed from an atom called?
How do you determine the number of protons in an atom of aluminum27?
There are 13 protons in an atom of aluminum, regardless of the isotope. If it didn't have 13 protons, it wouldn't be aluminum, it would be something else. There are 14 neutrons in an atom of aluminum 27, its only stable isotope.
See the Related Questions for how to count the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in any atom of any element.
Tachyons are any theoretical particles that have an imaginary mass. Because all tachyons have an imaginary mass, the velocity of all tachyons must exceed the speed of light (contrasted with Bradyons like electrons, quarks, and composite particles which must always move slower than light). Most modern theories suggest that even if such particles exist, they would likely be short lived due to effects such as tachyon condensation.
In the 5th cent. B.C. the Greek philosophers Democritus and Leucippus proposed that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles they called atom, or in Greek "a-tomos". The reason why they assumed this is because nothing can come from nothing. Around 1803, John Dalton (1766-1844) developed the first useful atomic theory of matter. He imagined the atom as a sphere full of an electrically positive substance mixed with negative electron. Then in 1897, Thompson discovered the first component part of the atom: the electron, a particle with a negative electric charge.
Discovery of the AtomBy the 19th century, technology had advanced greatly and many elements had been discovered to work with. Using the available elements scientist such as John Dalton and Amedeo Avogadro forced them to interact with one another. From these interactions they were able to prove the existence of the atom.
AnswerThat depends on exactly what you mean by "discovered."
Jainism had a concept of small particles similar to atoms in the 6th millennium BC, and either Democritus or his mentor Leucippus (or possibly both together) independently came up with the idea (and the word "atomos", which is Greek for "uncuttable") in the 5th century BC. However, these were essentially lucky guesses; there was no real scientific basis behind them, so saying these people "discovered" atoms is a pretty big stretch.
The best candidate is probably John Dalton, who in the early 19th century proposed (based this time on experiments) that substances were composed of tiny discrete particles, and even assigned relative weight values to several types of these particles. The word Democritus had used was "Englishified" slightly to come up with the modern word "atom" to refer to these particles.
AnswerJohn Dalton was the first who introduced the idea of atom. Atom, the very word, means inseparable or indivisible. Based on that idea in chemistry many laws have been stated such as, law of coservation of mass, law of multiple proportions etc etc.
Are cosmic strings subatomic particles or the remnants from the big bang?
Cosmic strings are "theoretical" subatomic particles that are about one billionth of a millimeter in diameter. They are also interconnected with the big bang theory, but not simply remnants of it.
String theory has been disproved.
Comsic strings are theoretical vibrating strings of pure energy. In the most generalized explanation: The frequency at which the string vibrates determines what type of particle is formed. String theory has neither been proven nor disproven at this point. It does have some very appealing points, such as the merging of quantum and newtonian physics, and the handling of supersymmetry. However a major sticking point is the requirement for an additional 8 or so spatial dimensions(depending on the particular version of string theory you are attempting to prove), and also we are unable to directly observe a string due to the tremendous amount of energy required. In addition everything in the universe is a remnant of the big bang.
What the correct electron configuration for chlorine?
the outer electron shell has 7 electrons. its full configuration is 2.8.7
What is the electron configuration of chlorine?
The electron configuration of chlorine is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5. This means that chlorine has 17 electrons distributed in its electron shells, with two electrons in the first shell, eight in the second, and seven in the third.
What is the difference between electron and elektron?
Elektron is the spelling for the Greek word meaning "amber". It originated as the namesake for the negatively charged subatomic particle known as the electron because of amber's affinity for developing a static charge when rubbed against certain materials, such as wool. In fact, while wool develops a positive charge (meaning it loses electrons) amber develops a negative charge by rubbing electrons off the wool.
What occurs when an atom loses an electron?
It becomes an ion. Ions are atoms that have either lost or gained an electron. Since this on lost an electron, it got a positive 1 charge.
In an atom protons are always?
Protons are always in the nucleus of an atom.
The number of protons indicates the element, its position in the periodic table.
Protons a deemed to have a charge of (+)
Protons are deemed to have a relative mass of '1' .
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is the Atomic Mass. Collectively they are named as 'Nucleons'.
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Number of protons in sodium chloride?
One gram of the salt is soluble in 2 ml of water, in 75 ml of ethyl alcohol, and in 50 ml of 90 % ethyl alcohol. The salt is insoluble in ethyl ether. Source is is a pdf from http://www.emeraldmaterials.com The complete link to the pdf file is found to the left of this answer under Web Links. It also includes the solubility in water a variety of temperatures.
J.J. Thomson designed an experiment that allowed for the first successful detection of an individual subatomic particle, the electron, in 1897. This discovery was a crucial advancement in understanding the structure of atoms and laid the foundation for modern particle physics.
What subatomic particles did Rutherford discover in 1919?
Rutherford discovered the proton in 1919 during his gold foil experiment. This experiment showed that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus at their center. Rutherford's findings revolutionized the understanding of atomic structure.
