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Russian Revolutions

Russia had a series of revolutions throughout 1905 and 1917. The 1917 revolutions ended the Russian Empire, and were the beginning of the Russian Civil War.

700 Questions

Why was there a Russian civil war?

The 1917 Bolshevik Revolution was the communists over throwing the Tsarist government.

--Edit Well, firstly, the answer above is relevent, but not the answer to the question asked.

When the October Revolution in Russia came about in 1917, there were lots of other political groups in Russia besides the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, felt that they alone deserved to rule Russia, and didn't believe in a coalition government. Originally, Lenin had a Constituent Assembly, but since the Bolsheviks gained less seats in the vote than the Left SRs, he dissolved the Constituent Assembly, basically rendering Russia a single-party state. This obviously annoyed the rest of the communist groups, which joined in the general unrest. The Russian civil war came about for several reasons; including the general unrest with the Bolsheviks being in power from:

Ex-Tsarist supporters

Army generals

Clerical associations

Rightist groups

Left SRs + Mensheviks

FOREIGN SUPPORT - Allied powers - British, France, etc.

The Russian civil war was basically the "Reds" [Bolsheviks] vs. the "Whites" [everyone mentionned above]

The foreign support was there because the Bolsheviks saw the First World War as an "Imperialist" war, and not their business, and so withdrew Russia [The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]. They also refused to pay back the war loans to the Allied forces, as they did not feel they had to, being a new government after the Provisional Government. The Allies also felt that if they defeated the Bolsheviks were defeated, Russia would rejoin the war and fight Germany on another border.

As Churchill put it, England wished to "Strangle the Bolshevik Revolution in the cradle." The allied forces had a fear of communism. The Russian Civil war was basically inevitable, which the leaders of the Bolshevik party was aware of - which was a leading reason as to why the Bolshevik party left the First World War, as they knew they'd need the men and ammunition [but also because the 1st World War had been the demise of both the Tsar and the Provisional Government] - as Russia was in a critical period of revolution and reform.

Who participated in the Civil War?

Technically, the North (Union) and South (Confederates) were the main participants. No other countries, that I know of, participated because it was strictly a war against Americans. Several African Americans also joined the war. Were you searching for a list of PEOPLE? Because that would be hundreds of thousands.

What did Trotsky do while he was exile that made Stalin mad?

Trotsky was mad at Stalin because he did not have a major role in the Russian Revolution.

Who fight with Russian in Russian revolution?

actually Russians fighted with Russians, the people who liked the king and wanted to keep him VS the people who disliked the king and wanted to Form the USSR

The Russian Revolution of 1905 had its roots in?

The Russian revolution of 1905 had its roots in the Russo-Japanese War and economic and political issues.

Who were the main characters in the Russian revolution?

The main leaders on the side of the Imperial and Provisional governments were Nicholas II, Alexander Kerensky, and Georgy Lvov. The main leaders and commanders on the side of the Bolsheviks, the Petrograd Soviets, and the Leftist Socialists were Vladimir Lenin, Lev Kamenev, and Leon Trosky.

What date did the Russian Revolution begin on?

The "Russian Revolution" consisted of two revolutions in 1917. The February Revolution began on February 24, 1917 (New Style: March 5) and forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate in favor of a Provisional Government.

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The October Revolution began on October 25, 1917 (New Style: November 7) in which Vladimir Lenin and his Bolshevik supporters overthrew the Provisional Government.

What was the causes of the french revolution of 1848?

Commonly referred to as the February Revolution the French Revolution of 1848 was predominantly caused by popular discontent of the French middle class. The reason for this was a mixture of unhappiness that Louis Philippe, who was nicknamed the 'Bourgeois Monarch', would not enlarge the country's voting base any higher than a thirtieth of the population and the anger that the government had moved away from its previous heavily Republican view to a more conservative one.

How did the Russian Revolution influence the war?

The February Revolution in 1917 did not affect it at all, because the new Provisional Government kept it going just as the Tsar had done.

The October Revolution eventually ended Russia's participation in the war when Lenin entered into the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. After that, Germany moved the military forces that were fighting the Russians over to fight the French and English on the western front. That increase in military force could have won the war for the Central Powers but then the United States entered the war and added its forces to the Allies.

What Russian czar was overthrown by the Bolshevik revolution?

Tsar Nicolas II of the Romanovs.

No Russian czar was overthrown by the Bolshevik Revolution. Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne in March 1917 after the February Revolution. Then the Provisional Government was set up. Then on October 25-26, 1917 (Old Style), the Bolshevik Revolution overthrew the Provisional Government.

What do the American revolution French revolution and Russian revolution have in common?

both wanted equality from the king and to be treated well. after both were heavily taxed by their king, they rebelled. all they wanted was some representation and to be taken care of

What wars led to the Russian revolution?

Two wars set the stage for the Russian Revolutions of 1917. The first was the Russo-Japanese War in which Russia suffered a humiliating defeat. Soldiers were very dissatisfied with the Tsar's mishandling of the war and indifference to their living conditions. The second war, which directly led to the revolution was World War 1.

What are the differences between the february and october revolution of 1917?

Although historians argue that history repeats, and in theory both the October and February Revolutions were the same story, one was a coup d'état taking advantage of political and social unrest and the other was a spontaneous uprising that included elements of a coup.

How was the Russian Revolution of 1905 different from the RussianRevolution of 1917?

The Russian Revolution of 1905 led to limits on the czar's power, but the Russian Revolution of 1917 ended the czarist system altogether.

Who led the October Russian Revolution?

The main leader of the October revolution, also known as the Bolshevik or Soviet Revolution, was Vladamir Lenin. Lenin prepared the defence line for this particular revolution,the careful planing of this defence line was the cause of their victory.

What is the relationship between Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution?

Animal Farm

Russian Revolution

Mr. Jones

  • irresponsible to his animals (lets them starve)
  • sometimes cruel - beats them with whip
  • sometimes kind - mixes milk in animal mash

Czar Nicholas II

  • a poor leader at best, compared to western kings
  • cruel - sometimes brutal with opponents
  • Sometimes kind - hired students as spies to make $

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Old Major

  • taught Animal-ism
  • workers do the work, rich keep the $, animals revolt
  • dies before revolution

Karl Marx

  • invented Communism
  • "workers of the world unite", take over govt
  • dies before Russian Revolution

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Animal-ism

  • no owners, no rich, but no poor
  • workers get a better life, all animals equal
  • everyone owns the farm

Communism

  • same
  • all people equal
  • govt owns everything, people own govt

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Snowball

  • young, smart, good speaker, idealistic
  • really wants to make life better for all
  • one of leaders of revolution
  • chased away into exile by Napoleon's dogs

Leon Trotsky

  • other leader of "October Revolution"
  • pure communist, followed Marx
  • wanted to improve life for all in Russia
  • chased away by Lenin's KGB (Lenin's secret police)

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Napoleon

  • not a good speaker, not as clever like Snowball
  • cruel, brutal, selfish, devious, corrupt
  • his ambition is for power, killed opponents
  • used dogs, moses, and Squealer to control animals

Joseph Stalin

  • not a good speaker, not educated like Trotsky
  • same as Napoleon, didn't follow Marx's ideas
  • cared for power, killed all that opposed him
  • used KGB, allowed church, and propagandized

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Squealer

  • big mouth, talks a lot
  • convinces animals to believe and follow Napoleon
  • Changes and manipulates the commandments

Propaganda department of Lenin's government

  • worked for Stalin to support his image
  • used any lie to convince the people to follow Stalin
  • benefited from the fact that education was controlled

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The Dogs

  • a private army that used fear to force animals to work
  • killed or intimidated any opponent of Napoleon
  • another part of Napoleon's strategy to control animals

KGB - Secret Police

  • not really police, but forced support for Stalin
  • used force, often killed entire families for disobedience
  • totally loyal, part of Lenin's power, even over army

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Moses the Raven

  • tells animals about Sugar Candy mountain - Heaven
  • animals can go there if they work hard
  • Snowball and Major were against him. They though Heaven was a lie to make animals work
  • Napoleon let him stay because he taught animals to work and not complain

Religion

  • Marx said "Opiate of the people" a lie
  • used to make people not complain and do their work
  • Religion was tolerant because people would work
  • Stalin knew religion would stop violent revolutions

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Mollie

  • was vain - loved her beauty and self
  • didn't think about the animal farm
  • went with anyone who gave her what she wanted

Bourgeoisie

  • some people didn't care about revolution
  • only though about themselves
  • went to other countries that offered more for them

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Boxer

  • strong, hard working horse, believes in Animal Farm
  • "Napoleon is always right", "I must work harder"
  • gives his all, is betrayed by Napoleon, who sells him

Dedicated, but tricked communist supporters

  • people believed Stalin because he was "Communist"
  • many stayed loyal after it was obvious Stalin a tyrant
  • betrayed by Stalin who ignored and killed them

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Benjamin

  • old, wise donkey who is suspicious of revolution
  • thinks "nothing ever changes", is right
  • his suspicions are true, about Boxer and sign changes

Skeptical people in Russia and outside Russia

  • weren't sure revolution would change anything
  • realized that a crazy leader can call himself communist
  • knew that communism wouldn't work with power hungry leaders

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Overall details about revolution

  • it was supposed to make life better for all
  • life was worse at the end
  • The leaders became the same as, or worse than, the other farmers (humans) they rebelled against

Overall details of Russian Revolution

  • supposed to fix problems from Czar
  • life was even worse long after revolution
  • Stalin made Czar look like a nice guy

Russians celebrate the October revolution?

At the time of the revolution, the Russian Empire still was using the ancient Julian calendar, which had been discarded some 150 years earlier by most Western countries. The result was that each day in Russia was dated 13 days earlier than the same day in the West.

According to the old calendar, the date of the Bolshevik revolution was October 25. But according to the new Gregorian calendar, the date actually was November 7.

Only after the Bolsheviks established the Soviet Union did the country adopt the new calendar. So it was the Bolsheviks themselves who were responsible for changing the date of their October Revolution of October 25 to the national celebration November 7.

Why did the Russian peasants resent czar nicholas?

Not all czars were hated by Russian people. It doesn't mean if a person is czar, king, emperor or president. People hate their leaders when they don't do their job well. Moreover, Russian people usually loved their czars. They thought that czars didn't know how miserable life of their people was.

What were the causes of the 1905 revolution?

Trigger Cause

  • Bloody Sunday: On January 22nd 1905, the Tsar ordered his army (the Cossacks) to gun down protestors who, led by Father Gapon, had come to the Winter Palace, to peacefully ask for better living and working conditions.

Short-term causes

  • Relaxed Censorship
  • Plehve - an minister whose policies were so unpopular that the opposition parties decided to work together to overthrow the government
  • Japanese war - war between Russia and Japan, in which thousands of Russian soldiers died.

Long-term causes

  • The autocratic and incompetent leadership of Tsar Nicolas II
  • Awful living and working conditions compounded with a lack of opportunity and education
  • Opposition parties, namely Cadets, Mensheviks, Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries

What role did propaganda play in the Russian revolution?

During the Russian Revolution, propaganda used included dissemination of revolutionary ideas, teachings of Marxism, and theoretical and practical knowledge of Marxism economics.

What was the consequence of the Russian civil war?

The main consequence was that Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik/Communist Party became the undisputed governmental power in Russia once all organized military opposition to them was crushed. The Bolsheviks were able to eliminate all political opposition to them as well making Russia a government by party and eventually a totalitarian one.

It also paved the way to the formation of the Soviet Union, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, in 1922. Once Lenin held sway over lands comprising the Russian empire, he was able to bring the Ukraine, Belorussia and the Transcaucasus Federation together to form the USSR.

What happened during the February Revolution of 1917 or during the first phase of the Russian Revolution?

The February Revolution was a spontaneous uprising of the people. It started after steel workers in Petrograd started to protest in street. Other workers soon joined and went on strike. The situation was made worse after bakeries in the city ran out of bread. Within days, 250 000 workers were on strike. The police shot at the crowd. However, some soldiers refused to shoot at the strikers. Faced with a crisis, Tsar Nicholas II shut down the Duma (parliament). Shortly afterwards, the army went on strike, and Nicholas had no choice but to abdicate. A provisional government was set up. In Petrograd, a Council of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers was established (also called the Petrograd Soviet). The Soviets contributed alot towards this revolution as well.

Source: Global Forces of the Twentieth Century - Second Edition by E. Alyn Mitchner and R. Joanne Tuffs