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Science Experiments
Experiments often conducted by students to test different scientific theories and hypotheses
11,111 Questions
Where to buy small amounts of dry ice for a science project?
You can buy small amounts of dry ice at some grocery stores, party supply stores, or welding supply stores. Call ahead to confirm availability and make sure to bring a cooler with you to safely transport it.
What is the substance that gets dissolved?
A solution is a uniform mixture. The substance that gets dissolved is called the solute. The substance that does the dissolving is called the solvent.
What is an example of polymerase chain reaction?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify nucleic acids. It was invented in its current form by Kary Mullins in 1983/1986.
The template (DNA or RNA) is duplicated by a thermostable DNA polymerase - originally from Thermus aquaticus - using sequence specific primers (short single-strand oligonucleotides) that are designed to sit on either side of the piece of template that is to be amplified.
Changes in temperature are used to move through the different stages required to duplicate the DNA.
- 95°C denatures DNA to two single strands.
- The temperature is decreased to ~50-60°C to allow the primers to anneal (bind) to the 5' end of the DNA templates - the exact temperature is 5°C lower than the primer's sequence-determined melting point (Tm). At the melting point half of the dissolved primers in solution would be annealed to the template DNA.
- The temperature then climbs to 72°C where the polymerase adds dNTPs to the 3' end of the primer - most commercial DNA polymerases can elongate 1000 bases per minute. Some have "proof-reading" activity, where it can correct a wrong base it may have inserted. If the template is RNA then a reverse transcriptase is used - it reads the RNA, but makes DNA.
- The reaction is heated again to 95°C to restart the cycle. After the last cycle the reaction is held at 72°C for a few minutes to ensure that all the strands are fully elongated.
Each cycle duplicates the template, meaning an exponential increase in the amount of the target sequence. Usually, 30 cycles produce sufficient DNA for downstream applications. More cycles may produce more, but at some point the enzyme becomes less efficient or the dNTPs run out.
How does a compass determine direction?
A compass is a free-spinning magnet that will align itself to be parallel to the Earth's magnetic field lines. Since the Earth's magnetic poles are located relatively close to its geographic poles, a compass pointing to Earth's magnetic north pole also indicates the general direction of Earth's geographic north pole.
What minerals are in a limestone?
Limestone commonly predominantly contains Calcite and Aragonite which are the two crystal forms of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3). It commonly also contains detrital clasts (broken pieces of other material) such as flint or chert which are silica.
Some limestones also contain the mineral dolomite which is Calcium Magnesium Carbonate (CaMg(CO3))2.
What state of matter are held tightly in place by other particles?
The state of matter that is held tightly in place is in the form of a solid. Gas particles are not tightly packed, unless they are being pressurized, same with water.
What element is present in lead graphite?
Graphite is a form of Carbon, so its carbon in lead graphite. Notice that lead itself is a different element but the term "lead graphite" is generally used for that black substance which makes the "lead pencils".
Note that there is no lead in lead pencils, its carbon, in the shape of graphite.
Investigatory project example on how to use the natural garlic as pesticides?
An investigatory project on using natural garlic as a pesticide could involve extracting the oils from garlic cloves, diluting it in water, and then applying it to plants to repel pests. The project could explore the effectiveness of garlic as a repellent compared to conventional pesticides, the impact on plant health, and the sustainability of using natural alternatives. Variables like concentration of garlic solution, frequency of application, and types of pests repelled could also be investigated.
What two substances are in a virus?
There are two types of macromolecules in a virus: a protein coat and its own set of viral RNA or sometimes DNA, both contained in its head. It can also have a tail of fibers or phospholipid bilayer to easily attach to the membrane of the host cell.
Would you expect it to be harder to remove an electron from Na or O?
It would be easier to remove an electron from Na compared to O. Sodium (Na) has a smaller effective nuclear charge and a larger atomic radius compared to oxygen (O), making its valence electron easier to remove. Oxygen has a higher electronegativity and a stronger pull on its electrons, making it harder to remove an electron from O.
The one factor that differs in a controlled experiment?
In a controlled experiment, the one factor that differs is the independent variable. This is the variable that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the researcher in order to observe its effect on the dependent variable. The goal of a controlled experiment is to isolate the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable while holding all other variables constant.
A wind vane is a tool used to determine the direction the wind is blowing. Antique wind vanes were often made of copper. Copper is not an inexpensive metal so other metals were used such as steel.
Describe a way that a baker might conduct a controlled experiment with a cookie recipe?
The baker would conduct a controlled experiment by using the recipe to know what to put in the cookies. EX: if the baker forgot to put the egg into the dough of the cookies, then the cookies would be SUPER flat and would be really oily. So the baker needs to follow the directions & the recipe that is given.
What are the characteristics of makahiya?
Makahiya, also known as the sensitive plant, is a tropical plant that reacts to touch by folding its leaves. It is known for its rapid leaf movements in response to stimuli like touch, heat, or wind. The plant's small pink flower clusters and thorn-covered stems are also distinctive characteristics.
What is the molecular formula for turpentine?
Turpentine is a mixture of hydrocarbons just like kerosene oil it contains hydrocarbons having carbon atoms 11 to 20 or more
What are the three main types of stress in rock?
The three main types of stress in rock are compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), and shear (sliding past each other). These stresses can cause rocks to deform and break, leading to the formation of geological features like faults and folds.
Yes, radium is extremely radioactive. The ionizing radiation produced by radium was used in x-ray generators within clinical settings a while back. It was so dangerous to handle and the waste was so expensive to take care of that medical industries switched to iridium. Nevertheless, anything/everything can kill someone when ingested/absorbed in excessive amounts. Too much water, salt, sunlight...you get the point
Where does glacial erosion occur?
Glacial erosion occurs primarily in polar and high-altitude regions where glaciers exist. As glaciers move, they sculpt and shape the landscape through the processes of plucking and abrasion, creating features like U-shaped valleys, fjords, and cirques.
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock that is formed from the sedimentary rock shale. It is typically gray in color, smooth and easy to split into thin sheets. Slate is commonly used in roofing, flooring, and as a material for billiard tables.
How do plates move where convection currents are risig?
The lithosphere is the continental crust, oceanic crust and upper part of the mantle. The convection currents move in the mantle mostly in the Asthenosphere layer under the lithosphere. As the convention currents move it makes the lithosphere spread and shake.
four stages in the production of protein molecules in a cell area-transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribsomoesB-DNA molecules serve as template for messenger RNA moleuclesC-Messenger RNA molecules move to ribosomesD- Polypeptides are formed on the ribsomoesPlz note im not sure if this is the order in which they work but i know these are the stages and if u know the order plz tell me thank you
What is the prefix for 1 100th called?
The prefix that stands for 100 is centi. You can use century to remember, as a century is 100 years long.
What are two main uses of rocks?
Rocks are commonly used in construction as building materials for roads, bridges, and buildings due to their strength and durability. They are also used in landscaping and gardening as decorative elements or to create retaining walls and pathways.
How can you work out magnification when using a microscope?
Well, its easy. Its Image lenght over Object lenght. In other words,you divide the lenght of your diagram with the lenght of the real object being drawen. If the answer is not up to one, then your diagram is smaller than the real one.
- Rainfall: Water collected from precipitation.
- Surface water: Water found in lakes, rivers, and streams.
- Groundwater: Water stored beneath the Earth's surface in aquifers.
- Glaciers and ice caps: Frozen water that melts to contribute to water sources.
- Desalination: Process of removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for drinking and other uses.
