Skeletal System

Ossification means bone growth or formation. I will be disscussing breifly normal or physiological ossification because there is pathological ossification.There are two types of ossification in the human body: endochondral and intramembranous.

Most of the bones in the human skeleton , especially the long and short bones, develop via endochondrial ossification, but some including the clavicle and most of the bones of the skull( flat bones) are formed by the intramembranous type.

Intramembranous ossification , the source of most of the flat bones, is so called because it takes place within condensations of mesenchymal tissue and not by replacement of pre-existing piece of hyaline cartilage as the case in endochondral ossification. The frontal and parietal bones of the skull, as well as parts of the temporal and occipital bones and the mandible and maxilla, are formed by intra membranous ossification. This process also contributes to the growth of short bones and the thickening (not the lengthening) of long bones.

Parts of four different bones make up the bony septum: the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer, and the nasal crest of the maxilla and palatine bones. The most common symptom of a deviated septum is nasal congestion, with one side of the nose being more congested than the other, along with difficulty breathing.

nerve cord runs down the back of ALL chordates

The femur is not an organ, but the upper leg bone that is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It plays a crucial role in supporting body weight and facilitating movement. Organs, on the other hand, are structures made up of different tissues that perform specific functions within an organism.

Isometric contraction is a type of muscle movement that does not result in any change in the angle between bones. This type of contraction involves the muscle producing force without changing its length or causing movement at a joint.

If you bang you knee right below the knee cap (patella), you will hit your shin bone (tibia). If you hit right on the knee it will be your patella.

Ulna.

The tibula, fibula and ,femur are all bones to the leg.

it supports the tissues and organs in the body. Think about it like this: It is as If your organs are lights, and your nerves are the wiring. This means that certain organs can turn off- shut down- and turn back on. When they turn back on, this is like when technicians come to fix faulty lights.

The cartilage at the ends of bones is kept slippery by a substance called synovial fluid. Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the surfaces of joints during movement.

They are the result of slight changes in the genetic information that produces them.
Due basically to their common ancestry. Evolution just builds on the past and does not innovate when it can tinker, So, the closer the ancestry is the closer the skeletal arrangement will be.

The knee and elbow both are uniaxial joints. This type is a synovial joint that permits movement around only one axis and in only one plane. The articulating ends of the bones form a hinge-shaped unity that allows only flexion and extension.

multicellular organism

Humans have endoskeletons, which means their skeletons are contained within their bodies, and mostly made of bones. This is in contrast to exoskeletons, which are the outer shelling of the creature and made of more flexible material.

The femur, the thigh bone, is located in the upper leg, connecting the hip to the knee joint. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body.

The spine, also known as the vertebral column or spinal column, is a column of 26 bones in an adult body – 24 separate vertebrae interspaced with cartilage, and then additionally the sacrum and coccyx.

A bagging is a process of putting items into bags.

There are three joints in the human leg: the hip joint, the knee joint, and the ankle joint.

An anticlinal vertebra is a type of spinal vertebra with a unique feature where the spinal processes align horizontally rather than vertically. This horizontal alignment can lead to complications in the spine's flexibility and movement.

The bones of the skull are flat and protective, enclosing and protecting the brain. In contrast, the bones in your leg, such as the femur, tibia, and fibula, are long and weight-bearing, providing support and mobility for movement.

The ulna has the head at the distal end. Usually the head of a bone is located at the proximal end. The ulna has a large process called the olecranon process that people call their 'elbow'.

A splanchnic bone is a bone that develops in soft tissue and is unattached to the rest of the skeleton.

Ex. In cats and dogs: Os penis (a bone in the penis)

In cattle: Os cordis (a bone in the heart)

The sternal ends of a grandmother's ribs tend to be more rounded and flared compared to a grandfather's ribs. This is due to differences in bone structure, fat distribution, and muscle mass between male and female bodies. Generally, grandmothers may have a wider and more rounded ribcage compared to grandfathers.

The wish bone is dried and then two people each curl a little finger round the wish bone. They then pull until the wish bone breaks into two pieces. The person who has the largest part of the wish bone, is said to be granted a wish, provided the wish is kept secret.

Skeletal System

All the bones in the human body together are called the skeletal system. The skeletal system provides strength and rigidity to our body so we don't just flop around like jellyfish. We have 206 bones in our body. Each bone has a function. Some bones offer protection to softer more fragile parts of body. For example, the skull protects the brain and the rib cage protects our heart and lungs. Other bones, like bones in our legs and arms, help us to move around by providing support for our muscles.

The skeletal system includes more than just bones. It also includes tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Tendons attach our bones to muscles so we can move around. Ligaments attach bones to other bones.

What are bones made of?

Around 70 percent of your bones are not living tissue, but hard minerals like calcium. The outside of the bone is called the cortical bone. It's hard, smooth, and solid. Inside the cortical bone is a porous, spongy bone material called the trabecular or concellous bone. This bone is lighter allowing for the bone itself to be lighter and easier for us to move around. It also allows room for blood vessels and makes our bones slightly bendable. This way our bones won't break so easily. At the center of bones is a softer substance called marrow.

Bone Marrow

There are two types of bone marrow, yellow and red. Yellow bone marrow is mostly fat cells. Red marrow is important because this is where our body produces red and white blood cells. When we are born, all of our bones have red marrow. By the time we are adults about half of our bones have red marrow. Joints

Our bones come together and connect at special places called joints. Your knees and elbows are joints, for example. Many joints have a large range of movement and are called ball and socket joints. The shoulder and hip are ball and socket joints. Joints have a smooth, durable material called cartilage. Cartilage, together with fluid, allows bones to rub against each other smoothly and not wear out.

How do broken bones heal?

Your body can heal broken bones all on its own. Of course, a doctor will help it along, making sure that the bone heals straight and properly using a cast or sling. A broken bone will heal in stages. When it first breaks there will be blood around it and it will form a sort of scab over the broken portions. Next, tougher tissue will start to grow over the broken area called collagen. The collagen, together with cartilage, will bridge the gap between the two sides of the break. This bridge will continue to transform and harden until the bone is healed. It can often take months for bones to heal back to normal. While the bone is healing, it can't take the stress of a normal bone, which is why people use crutches and slings to take the pressure off the bone while it's healing.

Fun facts about bones for kids .The smallest bones are in the ear. .Although your bones stop growing when you are around 20, they do constantly rebuild new bone cells. .The spine is made up of 33 bones. .Red bone marrow can produce around 5 billion red blood cells each day. .Very few man made substances can come close to the lightness and strength of bones. If your body doesn't have enough calcium, it will take it from your bones making your bones weaker. A good reason to drink your milk!

Bones in your body are filled with a substance called marrow. Marrow is a soft, gelatinous material found in the hollow center of bones and is responsible for producing blood cells and storing fat.