Skeletal System

Loss of articular cartilage in knee joints refers to the gradual erosion or damage of the smooth, protective cartilage that covers the ends of the bones in the knee joint. Articular cartilage plays a crucial role in cushioning and preventing friction between the bones during movement. When this cartilage is lost, it can lead to pain, inflammation, stiffness, and decreased joint function. This condition is commonly seen in osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease that affects the knees and other joints.

Thanks

If your referring to the knee joint it is the tibiofemoral joint.

Yes, a mouse has a skeleton made up of bones that provide structure and support to its body. The skeleton also protects its internal organs and allows for movement.

When a bone is splintered or crushed, it is known as a comminuted fracture. This type of fracture results in the bone breaking into multiple fragments. Treatment typically involves surgery to realign and stabilize the bone fragments.

Red blood cells do not contain mitochondria, they are designed to deliver O2 via their complex heme centers & thus contain no nucleus/organelles, maximizing space for this job. Red blood cells arise from bone marrow stem cells & only circulate, carrying O2 for about 120 days before the spleen recycles their heme groups.

I've only found one so far and its the hypural joint which can be found between the caudal fin of the fish and the last of its vertebrae.

Calcium salts in bone provide strength and rigidity to the bone structure. They help to mineralize the bone matrix, making it hard and capable of withstanding mechanical stress. Calcium salts also play a role in bone remodeling and storage of calcium for regulatory purposes in the body.

In spiders, the skeletal system is their exoskeleton, composed of chitin, which provides support and protection. Their muscles are attached to the inside of the exoskeleton and work in antagonistic pairs to move the spider's limbs by contracting and relaxing. This coordinated effort allows spiders to move, hunt, and perform various functions.

The endoskeleton of vertebrates have at least three main functions. These are:

1. To support the all parts of the body, including limbs, organs, and the head.

2. To protect vital organisms (IE, the skull protects the brain and the ribcage protects the lungs and the heart.

3. Some bones produce red and/or white blood cells. Blood cells, unlike other cells, do not self replicate, so without the marrow in some of our bones, we wouldn't produce new blood cells and we would soon die.

Yes.

Archaeologically an artefact is considered a portable, humanly modified object. throughout our lives our lifestyle, environment and diet have an affect on our skeleton and so through these processes human bones can be considered artefacts

No, not typically. An artifact is a piece of artwork or a tool, something used. Human finger bones were sometimes decorated as used in gambling games or cast to predict the future. In this respect they would represent artifacts. Most bones themselves were either burned (destroyed) or buried. They were often buried with artifacts, such as pottery shards and/or pieces of artwork. But the bones themselves would not typically be considered an artifact. Artifact: Any object manufactured, used or modified by humans. A prosthesis would be an artifact. Pins and splints used to hold bones together would be artifacts. The bones themselves--no.

Broken bones themselves do not directly cause a chemical imbalance in the brain. However, the pain and stress associated with a broken bone can lead to changes in neurotransmitter levels, potentially affecting mood. Additionally, long-term immobilization due to a broken bone can impact overall mental health.

No. They are both chordates, which means during embryonic development they have a notochord, the same as vertebrates. This does not persist in tunicates, but it does in lancelets (adults still have a notochord).

Neither tunicates or lancelets have a backbone.

Bone marrow contains two types of stem cells: hemopoietic (which can produce blood cells) and stromal (which can produce fat, cartilage and bone).

But the number of cells depend on which bone it is.

The total number of cells in our body cannot be counted accurately However the total number of cell in an average human being is about 10^13 to 10^14

The ethmoid bone forms the roof of the nasal cavity. Its perpendicular plate forms part of the nasal septum. Its curved projections form the superior and middle nasal conchae. Its superior projection is called the crista galli.

Endoskeletons provide internal support and protection for the body, allowing vertebrates to support greater body mass as they grow. Endoskeletons also enable efficient muscle attachment and movement, which facilitate larger body sizes in vertebrates compared to animals without endoskeletons. Additionally, endoskeletons can continue to grow and adapt as the vertebrate grows, accommodating the increased size of the animal.

The axial skeleton provides structural support and protection for vital organs, allowing for proper posture and movement. It also serves as an attachment point for muscles involved in movement, such as those responsible for breathing and core stability. Additionally, the axial skeleton houses the spinal cord, which plays a crucial role in transmitting signals for voluntary and involuntary movements.

The lowest structure of the hipbone is the ischial tuberosity, which is the bony prominence you can feel when you sit down. It acts as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments that support the hip joint.

The axial skeleton is the central part of the human skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It provides support and protection for the vital organs of the body, such as the brain and spinal cord. The axial skeleton is essential for maintaining posture and enabling movement.

Chemistry is important in the skeletal system because bone formation and maintenance involve complex chemical processes. Calcium, phosphorus, collagen, and other minerals are essential for bone structure and strength. Understanding the chemical composition of bones is crucial for diagnosing and treating conditions such as osteoporosis.

Yes, it is possible to isolate DNA from bone. This can be done by carefully removing a small sample of bone tissue, grinding it to a fine powder, and then using various methods to extract and purify the DNA for downstream analysis such as PCR or sequencing. Specialized kits and protocols are available for this purpose.

13 pairs including the floating ribs that do not connect to the sternum.

"Approximately 20 times stronger than a sturdy man. A full grown male Silverback gorilla is one of the strongest land mammals on Earth, able to rip car doors clean off and snap tree limbs with ease. Even a small, female Gorilla is able to easily rip the arms clean off a man."

I find it funny how people doubt the sheer might of the gorilla and other Apes

Here is a great way to put it

adv human can lift as a 1 rep max 150 kg per leg [full grown male]

x2 [booth legs] 300 kg

gorilla's use their arms to run [quadracept]

an olympian can lift 500lbs per leg .. see were im going with this?

If i were to replace my legs and arms [length and strength] i would be a gorilla in a very crude way

and as gorilla's rib cage , bone structure allows for a much higher muscle concentration they are more likely to be alott stronger.

The world record of a human leg press is over 2,500 lbs. The average male adult can easily do multiple reps of over 1,000 lbs, no problem. When comparing the physical strength of humans and other primates it is important to recall the whole and compare overall, rather than specifying on one particular aspect that favors one side.

The reason why when asked this question, people tend to compare upper body strength of gorillas to our own, is at least threefold. Firstly, for thousands of years strength was defined primarily by upper body strength because this was the main differentiating factor between men and women. Big and strong meant arm strength replete with bulging. sweaty. pulsating biceps. The far more common and far superior leg strength is simply taken for granted.

Secondly, it showcases the truly awesome power gorillas so amazingly display. To show the realistic outcome where even adolescent children could outperform a gorilla in lower body strength is just not that captivating. Who would want to watch something we know all of us could do? Not exactly record setting ratings material

Lastly, people, western society in particular. tends toward anthropomorphism. Ours is a society where films depicting the slaughter and torture of people is not only acceptable, but considered standard while any depiction of cruelty towards animals is met with utter horror and disdain We simply like animals and gorillas are no exception. Naturally we place the animal in a position where we can cheer them on.

I suppose in overall strength when comparing our greatest asset, lower body to that of a gorillas wheelhouse upper body, parody more or less ensues. You could call it a draw. How about a spelling bee?

external nares

(dorsal) upper eyelid

(ventral) lower eyelid

nictitating membrane

browspot

tympanic membrane

cloacal aperture

forelimbs

brachium

antebrachium

manus

hindlimbs

thigh

shank/crus

pes

foot

prehallux or calcar

vocal sac

A horse's body has approximately 205 bones, including the skull, vertebrae, ribs, limbs, and tail bones. Key bones include the skull, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, and various bones in the hoof.

A beaver is classed as a rodent and it is mostly nocturnal. Beavers can live up to 24 years old when living in the wild and there are 302 bones in their body.