Steam Engines

goose neck have following two functions:

1. It increase the speed of flue gas in convective zone of the boiler, as velocity increase heat transfer rate also increases which is necessary for super heaters.

2. It divert the path of flue gas and spread it in all corners of the boiler,...

Live steam usually refers to a model steam locomotive. The machine is powered by steam which is produced by boiling water. The steam locomotive is like the one at the Disneyland Amusement Park.

yes modern steam engines

A vacuum pump is used to expel air and non-condensible gases from the condenser in order to allow it to continue accepting steam (the collapse of which produces the vacuum in a condenser). If the vacuum pump fails, it will take from seconds to a few minutes before enough non-condensible gases build up in the condenser to stop the flow of steam.

The non-condensible gases come from the boiler feedwater supply, despite the fact that boiler water is treated to prevent this. The minute amount of air in the water is carried with the steam into the turbine then the condenser where it will concentrate unless removed by the vacuum pump.

Steam at higher pressure and temperature - hence high energy contents - is fed via a valve into each end of the cylinder in turn. There its pressure forces the piston along the cylinder, hence turning the engine's crank to which the piston is linked by piston-rod, crosshead (a pivot on a sliding block) and connecting-rod.

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The valve is driven in turn by an arrangement called the "valve gear" from the crankshaft, and this controls both the engine's direction of rotation and the "cut-off". This is the point in the piston stroke at which the valve closes so the steam already in the cylinder completes its work by expansion approximating to the normal [ (Pressure X Volume) = a Constant ], law of the behaviour of gases.

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On steam locomotives, steam road vehicles and reciprocating marine engines the valve-gear's settings can also be controlled by the driver to change the forward-reverse (ahead / astern) direction as well as adjusting the cut-off for efficient running.

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The above describes the reciprocating steam-engine, as on a railway locomotive. In steam-turbines the force is generated by a combination of impulse and reaction as the steam passes from the initial, inlet nozzles and through the rotor blades and fixed guide-vanes of each stage of the turbine. A turbine cannot be reversed so where this is necessary, as on a more-modern steam-ship or in a nuclear-powered submarine, and to reduce the high speed of the turbine to the low speed of the final drive, the turbine is linked to the drive through a reducing / reversing gear-box.

The steam-engine was developed by many engineers, but once established it was subject simply to further improvements in efficiency. Power output is a factor of the purpose for which an engine is designed, so no-one "invented a more powerful steam engine". If you mean "who made the largest contribution to developing the steam engine", then that must be James Watt, who was the first to analyse how the machine actually works and how to overcome the largest inefficiencies in the engines built at the time, which were solely for operating mine-drainage pumps. Watt also invented the Sun-&-Planet drive to allow the engines which hitherto had been purely reciprocating in action, to revolve drive-shafts (the crank had been invented but patented by someone else - sorry, I forget who!). He is credited with the first type of engine-indicator, used to measure the pressure-cycle in the cylinder hence calculate the power developed within the cylinder, and the thermal efficiency of the machine - important in improving fuel consumption. Watt also devised from numerous experiments the horse-power as a measure of power, so customers of his company, Boulton & Watt, could assess the machines they needed for their purposes, which at that time chiefly driving factory machinery. The international standard unit of power is the Watt, in James Watt's honour, and 1Watt = 1Joule/second conversion of energy. One HP = 746 W - in practice 750 is usually close enough. So no-one invented a "more powerful" engine, but many invented improvements and variations.

They are called steam trains because they are pulled by steam engines.

To keep from damaging the thrust bearing if the lubrication system fails to cool it sufficiently. The surfaces of thrust and journal bearings is a metal called babbit. Babbit metal is an alloy of tin, lead, copper and antimony, typically. This metal has a high "lubricity" value (meaning it is slippery) and oil is used to create a wedge or film, to stabilize the shaft in position, which decreases as the oil gets hotter. Babbit will also melt at low temperatures, so temperature trips are in place on each bearing to prevent damaging them.

Steam is generated by heat from the combution of fuel in a furnace or by waste heat from a process. The heat is transferred to water in the boiler shell, which then evaporates to produce steam under pressure.

The first person to harness the power of steam was the Greek scientist Heron of Alexandria in the first century A.D. He developed several devices that were operated by water, steam, or compressed air, including a fountain, a fire engine, and the steam engine.

The "steam engines" in use in the 18th century were not strictly steam engines - the weight of a large rocking beam or pump rod pulled a close-fitting piston along a cylinder, drawing in steam from a boiler. The operator closed a valve to shut off the steam, and opened a valve or tap to let cold water into the cylinder, condensing the steam and creating a partial vacuum. The pressure of the outside air then pushed the piston back into the cylinder. This type of engine is known as an atmospheric or condensing engine - the steam played no direct part in transmitting power to the beam or pump rod.

This type of engine was significantly improved in 1712 by Englishman Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), who built a machine that was used to pump water out of tin mines in Cornwall.

The Scottish inventor James Watt (1736-1819) realised that most of the heat used to make the steam was being wasted in heating and re-heating the iron cylinder and piston.

He invented a separate condenser, which was a sealed container connected to the cylinder by a pipe. After the piston had drawn steam into the cylinder, water was sprayed into the condenser rather than the cylinder, so the engine worked as before, but the cylinder and piston remained hot. He patented this and several other improvements, and patented (received exclusive rights to make, use, and sell) his own engine in 1769. The engine was very successful because it used as little as a quarter of the wood or expensive coal to produce the same amount of work as Newcomen's engine. He is usually considered to be the father of the steam engine, although he thought the use of high-pressure steam (as used in later engines) to be dangerous, as in fact it tended to be, with the relatively crude cast-iron engineering of the time.

The inventor of what we consider today to be a "steam engine", that is an engine where the pressure of the steam pushes the piston and does the work, was the mining engineer Richard Trevithick (1771 - 1833). A major advantage of his high-pressure engine was that it operated at a much higher speed than the older condensing engine. This made steam-powered vehicles a reality, and he went on to build a steam-powered carriage, and later in 1804 his steam locomotive became the first in the world to pull a heavy load - over a distance of almost 10 miles.

There have been many contributors to the invention of the steam engine and making the steam engine important during the industrial revolution.

Steam-powered trains were first developed during the 1800s and they were located in Great Britain.

to replace the paddle boat and create a faster boat! that was technology back then!

because we can read all things in it

The cut-off is defined as a percentage of piston stroke, and varies according to the purpose & design of the engine.

On a railway locomotive it is variable by a control in the driving-cab, typically from about 70% in full gear to perhaps 20% or shorter fully "notched up"; in both forwards and reverse travel. (A locomotive can be driven equally well in either direction - though uncomfortably so for the driver.)

Some mill-engines (for driving factory machinery) had variable-expansion valve-gear whose cut-off was controlled by the governor, to obtain efficient operation and constant speed throughout the range of naturally-fluctuating load imposed upon it through the working day.

It is a steam engine.

Steam engine trains used to be the only type of train that would work. They used to be iconic and were significant in the understanding of railroads. Today, steam engine trains offer no real advantages to other modes of transportation.

A turbine is rotated by steam, this is most commonly used in the process of producing electricity through the method of a coal fired power station.

130 gpa

It led to the development of boats and trains that could move people and goods quickly over great distances.

it is a deoxidized steel

Have you checked whether you are connected to the internet or the PlayStation Network properly? (this is for the PS3 only. I don't know how an Xbox works so this is all i can say.)

"The" steam engine never existed; there was always an evolution, a developmental chain, from the first steam-powered toys of the Greek inventor Hero to the more fully developed steam-powered machines still in use today.

A particular Scotsman named James Watt is often given the credit for "inventing" the steam engine, but Watt's contributions were based on the earlier designs of Thomas Newcomen and others rather than being completely new. Watt's engines were far more efficient, and generated more power from less fuel, but were more complicated to build and maintain.

They are noisy and they require a lot of fuel (Water and something to burn). This means they must constantly be monitored so they don't blow up, due to loack of water.

Orsat Apparatus

The Orsat apparatus is used to measure volumes of carbon dioxide, oxygen and carbon monoxide within a fixed volume of a sample gas (100cc). However it is not particularly accurate at detecting very low concentrations.

The Orsat apparatus works using a very simple method. To find the volume of a particular gas within the sample a fixed volume of the sampled gas is passed through a specific solution which absorbs only the required gas. The remaining volume of the gas can then be re- measured and compared with the original volume to find the proportion of a specific gas within the sample.

The sampled gas is passed through a sequence of solutions each removing one of the gases and the remaining volume calculated afterwards. A solution of caustic potash is used to absorb the carbon dioxide, a mixture of pyrogallic acid, caustic potash and water is used to absorb the oxygen, and to remove the carbon monoxide a solution of cuprous chloride is used.

BUT AS SUGGESTED USE ELECTRONIC TESTING, IT IS MORE ACCURATE.