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Viruses (biological)
A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Generally viruses are much smaller than bacteria. Most viruses that have been studied have a diameter between 10 and 300 nanometres.
1,710 Questions
How virus differ from cell in size?
Viruses are generally smaller than cells, typically ranging from 20-400 nanometers in size, whereas cells are typically micrometers in size. Viruses are also simpler in structure compared to cells, lacking their own organelles and machinery for reproduction. Viruses are not considered cells because they are acellular entities that require a host cell to replicate.
Which is more harmful bacteria or virus?
No a virus is generally much worse than a bacterial. Bacterial are single celled organisms that are very big compared to a virus. You can kill bacterial in many ways such as antibiotics which make the bacteria cell walls burst, or with heat, cold UV light, silver or radiation.
Bacteria reproduce by cell division so 1 becomes 2, 2 become 4 etc.
A virus is not really a life form, it is just DNA in a thin membrane. The virus can enter a cell in the body where it hijacks the natural mechanisms inside the cell and uses them to replicate the virus DNA, This goes on until the cell is full of virus and eventually bursts releasing them so they can infect other cells. So where bacteria can multiple quickly by division, A virus can multiple very quickly by using the host organism to replicate it. Many thousands of viruses can be made by a single cell.
Mankind has cures and treatments for thousands of bacteria but has only ever eradicated one virus. The smallpox virus.
We can treat people for viral infections which block the virus entering the cells or we can use drugs which slow down or stop the replication of a virus when it is inside a cell, but mainly it is down to the immune system to defeat a virus.
Inoculations against a virus expose the immune system to parts of a virus or a similar but harmless virus, so if we become infected by that particlular virus in the future. the immune system will recognise it straight away and start to fight it. But this does not mean we are always immune to that virus, The immune system can still loose the fight!
What is the name of the anthrax virus?
Antrax is not caused by a virus. It is causeBacillus anthracisd by a bacteria. The name of the bacteria is Bacillus anthracis.
Viruses with an envelope are released from host cells by budding off the cell membrane. During this process, the virus pushes through the host cell's membrane, acquiring an envelope derived from the host cell's membrane. This budding process allows the virus to leave the host cell without causing immediate cell death.
Does the Norwalk virus have a Lytic or Lysogenic cycle?
The Norwalk virus (Norovirus) does not have a lyosgenic cycle. It does not remain dormant as lysogenic viruses can. It is lytic and is considered virulent as many lytic viruses are. Most bacteriophages are lysogenic.
See link below:
Viral cycle in which the virus remains inactive in the host cell for long periods of time?
The virus remains in a latent state within the host cell during the lysogenic cycle. This allows the virus's genetic material to be incorporated into the host's genome without causing immediate harm. The virus can remain dormant for extended periods until external factors trigger it to switch to the lytic cycle, where it becomes active and replicates.
What role do virus's outer coat play in the invasion of a host cell?
Viral host cell- the cell have become infected with virus.
Attachment of virus to a host cell is a specific binding between viral capsid proteins and specific receptors on the host cellular surface. For example, human HIV virus infects only T-cells, because its surface protein(gp 120) can interact with CD4 and receptors on the T-cell surface.
---- The virus invasion
Phase 1
The spikes and fibers attach themselves to the walls of the cell or bacteria.
Phase 2
The sheath contracts and drives the core through the cell wall, like an injection!
Phase 3
The nucleic acid passes through the core, from the head, and into the host cell. Phase 4
First the nucleic acid disappears, then about ten minutes later 100's of virions appear out of no where, causing the cell to rupture, releasing hundreds of copies of the virus that originally invaded it. This cycle is then repeated and can destroy billions of cells in a matter of hours!
What makes a virus like an organism?
It has DNA and is made up of proteins and other similar components. Also, it has marker proteins on the outside of it like most cells. These marker proteins are the key for a body to have an immune reaction to a virus. A virus is not alive like other organisms, however, because it can not reproduce on its own. A virus invades other organisms to use as a host (people, animals, plants, etc.) and forces them to stop doing what they normally do and begin reproducing the virus instead.
Is a germ a bacteria or virus?
"Germ" is an informal term for a pathogen, which is a formal term for something that makes you sick. A germ is a microscopic organism that can carry disease. Other words used for germs are microorganisms, microbes, and in slang, "bugs".
The term generally refers to bacteria, or viruses. It could also include fungi or protozoa. In food, this could be two things:
1. Microorganisms, such as bacteria
2. The embryo portion of a cereal grain. (See related questions section below for additional information about the types of microbes or germs.)
What wbsites are good for finding info on viruses?
Some reputable websites for finding information on viruses include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). These sites provide up-to-date and accurate information on various viruses, outbreaks, and prevention measures.
What are some examples of psychrophile bacteria?
Psychrophile bacteria are cold-loving organisms that thrive in low temperatures. Some examples of psychrophile bacteria include strains of Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Colwellia species. These bacteria are commonly found in cold environments such as polar regions, deep ocean waters, and refrigerated food storage.
A medicine that stops a virus from reproducing?
Antiviral medications work by inhibiting the virus's ability to replicate within the body. These drugs target specific steps in the virus's life cycle, such as viral entry, replication, or release. By preventing the virus from replicating, the infection is contained, allowing the immune system to eliminate the virus from the body.
Will hugging a person with the flu cause you to get it?
Yes, it likely would if they were in the active stages of the viral infection when you hug them. Any close contact directly with another person can pass the flu virus to you which is why you are advised to stay a minimum of 6 feet away from anyone with the flu and they are advised to cover coughs and sneezes which, along with touching contaminated surfaces, is the most common way the flu viruses are transmitted from person to person.
What is unenveloped plus-strand RNA virus?
A virus which lack envelopes only the have a capsid(protien coat) made up of capsomers their name is PLUS STRAND because they act directly as a mRNA after infecting the host cell.they infect plants and bacteria causing POLIO and COLD in human beings e.g polio viruses and rhino viruses
What does the protein coat in a virus do?
The capsid surrounds the genetic information of the virus (protects the genome from the environment and aids in attachment of virus to host cell). The capsid is usually inside the viral envelope (which facilitates attachment to host cell receptors), unless the virus is naked (not all viruses have viral envelopes).
If you do not have a spleen can you die from the flu virus the swine flu?
Anybody can potentially die from any flu, swine or otherwise. Those without a spleen are at a higher risk of developing chest infections (like pneunomia), but the spleen does not have anything to do with fighting any type of flu or whether you will die from it.
No, viruses do not form spores. Spores are reproductive structures seen in some bacteria and fungi that help them survive harsh conditions. Viruses have a different structure and life cycle, typically relying on host cells to replicate.
What is the difference between active virus and latent virus?
A hidden virus is known in the words in its name "HIDDEN virus". It hides and stays inactive. The active virus is also known in its name too "ACTIVE virus". The two viruses have different ways on spreading it own kind throughout the host or hosts.
What three materials make up many viruses?
Many viruses are composed of proteins, nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA), and a lipid envelope derived from the host cell membrane. These components work together to help the virus infect host cells and replicate.
What is the difference in a virus family and virus genus?
Genus and Family are different levels in the classification system used to distinguish all the organism we encounter. The hierarchy (ordered from most general to most specific) is as follows:
Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species
What does a virus need in order to survive?
A virus needs a host cell to survive and replicate. Once inside a host cell, the virus can hijack the cell's machinery to make copies of itself. Without a host cell, viruses cannot survive for long periods outside of a living organism.
When virus enter a lysogenic phase it mean?
When a virus enters the lysogenic phase, it integrates its genetic material into the host's DNA and remains dormant. The virus replicates along with the host cell during cell division. This phase allows the virus to evade detection by the immune system and can later switch to the lytic phase to produce new viruses.
Does a virus need living space?
No, viruses do not require living space because they are not considered living organisms. They are simple genetic material contained within a protein coat, and they replicate by hijacking the machinery of host cells.
The viruses inject the waste material into the host cells, The host cells remove the waste product by exocytosis by engulfing the waste material in a vesicle and transporting it outside the cell.
