Viruses (biological)

Mona Vie - A derivative of the Asai berry... The berry comes from the rainforests of Brazil, and is a super fruit! The juice can create a feeling of general well being.

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Good old water, and plenty of it, is one of the better choices. If you are nauseated, sometimes gingerale and sprite can help.

Another drink which is high in antioxidants is POM.

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Mona Vie is way too expensive, and hard to get. By the time you order it and get it in you will already be better. In addition, the properties of the ingredients that come in the bottle are so diluted they really don't have any nutritional value.

Warm liquids, like teas are the best. Peppermint and Chamomile tea have soothing properties that help your throat feel better.

One way to eliminate viruses is to wash your hands well with soap and water. You can reduce viral load (the sheer numbers of any given virus) in your throat or nose, by gargling and irrigating your nose with a saline solution (salt water). Many viruses are easily killed on surfaces by using disinfecting agents with virucidal claims. You must follow the directions carefully for maximum sanitization, if the label says to leave the disinfectant on the surface for 5 minutes, leave it there the entire time before wiping it up using disposable towels and wearing gloves. And finally, to totally eradicate a virus would require "herd immunity" such as was achieved by the poliovirus vaccine. Everyone susceptible to the virus would need to be vaccinated against it, and have immunity from it, during the same time frame.

Hello there fellow user!

Firstly, pertussis or whooping cough is caused by a bacterium called Bordetella pertussis, not a virus. It is a highly contagious cough and a pretty bad one too.

Secondly, the vaccine against this disease is given in a combination with Diptheria and tetanus called the DPT vaccine. It includes toxoid proteins of Diptheria and tetanus bacteria, and either pertussis antigen proteins or the whole killed bacteria responsible for pertussis in combination.

Hope this helped you plenty! 😄

A virus cannot reinvent itself without the help of a 'hosts' living cell. Once the virus invades the living cell it takes over the mechanism of reproduction using the cells enzymes and other chemical to reproduce. Therefore a virus cannot reproduce independently. Once the host cell is compromised the virus is free to infect other cells in the living organism.

Influenza is not a bacterial infection, so antibiotics are not effective for the flu. Furthermore, taking antibiotics when unnecessary leads to stronger strains of bacteria, helping them to become immune to the current antibiotics. For your flu I would recommend lots of rest, fluids, and some chicken soup. Take an over the counter medicine to relieve the discomfort from your symptoms.

The suffix "-logy" means the process of study. Look at the following words:

biology: life + study + process

gynecology: women + study + process

histology: tissue + study + process

pathology: disease + study + process

The symptoms from getting a tattoo after a flu shot should be no different than they would have been anyway. You'll have the same risks of infection from a tattoo as you would have without having had a flu shot beforehand.

Obviously, you shouldn't put a tattoo in the area where the shot was given until all signs of a reaction to the shot and sore arm have had an opportunity to come and go. So wait at least a couple of weeks or after there is no swelling, redness, or pain/soreness (whichever is later) to get one put right there. Having it put someplace else will have no different symptoms than usual just because you have had a flu shot.

If you would get the tattoo before getting the flu shot, and if your tattoo were infected, your health care professional may suggest waiting until your body isn't fighting off something else before you use any vaccines.

"The Italian renaissance rested on the phenomenal economic growth of the high middle ages. In the period from about 1050 to 1300 a new economy emerged based on Venetian and Genoese shipping and long distance trade and on Florentine banking and cloth manufacture." ( A History of Western Society. McKay, p. 446)

A virus hijacks the host cell's machinery to replicate itself, causing the cell to produce more viruses. This can eventually lead to cell death and the spread of the virus to other cells.

The Lytic Cycle or by Budding without lysis. See the related questions below for more information.

An electron microscope can observe viruses due to its high magnification capabilities that allow for visualizing extremely small structures like viruses, which are smaller than the wavelength of visible light. Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are commonly used types of electron microscopes for observing viruses.

It is a type of bacteria that can cause pneumonia. Although the name sounds like influenza, it is unrelated to the flu, which is caused by viruses and not bacteria.

Both bacteria and viruses are microscopic organisms that can cause infections in humans. They can both be transmitted through various means such as droplets, contaminated food or water, and direct contact. However, they differ in structure, with bacteria being single-celled organisms while viruses are inert genetic material that require a host cell to replicate.

Bacteria cells. They are the smallest living thing on Earth (known to man).

A bacterium is a single-celled organism. It's very small and rather simple as living things go. It contains within itself all the bio-chemical machinery necessary to eat, extract energy from food and reproduce itself. It contains in its DNA a complete blueprint for the manufacture of a copy of itself, and the cell is equipped with all the special chemicals needed to decode the blueprint properly and to make the copy.

A drug that is intended to destroy or at least render harmless a bacterium can be designed to attack almost any of the processes that the organism uses. Any process used by the bacterium that is not used by the human body, or that is used in a radically different way, can be targetted by a drug.

A virus is a quite different thing. It is much smaller than a bacterium. It is not a cell. It has no machinery to eat or reproduce itself. It is little more than naked DNA; about the only part of it that has a function other than to be a blueprint for its copying is a protein that helps it enter a cell.

Once a virus enters a cell it hijacks the reproductive machinery in the cell. A little bit like the cuckoo's egg in the nest, it substitutes its DNA for the DNA in the nucleus of the animal cell, so the cell makes copies of the virus. There is no "enough already" code on the virus DNA, so the cell copies the virus until there is so much of it in the host cell that the cell bursts, and new viruses flood through the body looking for new targets.

The fundamental problem in developing a drug against viruses is this :- you can't attack a virus's metabolic processes because it doesn't have any. You can't attack its reproductive system because it doesn't have any. It uses the machinery of the human cells. Easy to attack these, and kill them, but that kills the patient too.

Although bacteria and viruses are both too small to be seen without a microscope, they're as different as giraffes and goldfish. Bacteria are relatively complex, single-celled creatures with a rigid wall and a thin, rubbery membrane surrounding the fluid inside the cell. They can reproduce on their own.

Multiply. A virus needs energy to multiply.

Once your body clears a virus infection, it is typically eliminated from your body. Some viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus, can remain dormant in your system and reactivate at a later time. However, most viruses do not stay in your body indefinitely after you recover from the infection.

SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) – virus identified in 2003. SARS-CoV is thought to be an animal virus from an as-yet-uncertain animal reservoir, perhaps bats, that spread to other animals (civet cats) and first infected humans in the Guangdong province of southern China in 2002.

The virus particle, when looked at with an electron microscope, looks like a sphere with stems sticking out of it all over that have blunt tips. See related links section for a link to an image.

Animals can get viruses from humans, but it's not as common due to evolutionary differences between species. Some viruses may not be able to cross the species barrier easily, while others may not cause severe illness in animals. However, viruses like flu can sometimes transmit between humans and animals.

Most DNA viral polymerases have an exonuclease domain which can check DNA for errors and then repair these errors (HSV). RNA viruses such as polio do not have this domain in their viral polymerase, and therefore do not proof-check their genome as other DNA viruses do. This leads to more mutations.... (Graduate Student: Microbiology/Virology)

The lysogenic cycle replicates the phage genome without destroying the host. Similar to Lytic reproduction, Lysogenic also begins when the phage inserts its DNA or RNA into the host cell through its surface. Once the nucleic acid is inside the cell, it forms a circle, and becomes a part of the genome of the host cell. It does this through genetic recombination, or crossing over. Once it joins the host’s genome, it is called a prophage. Since it is a part of the host cell’s genome, the phage’s genetic information is copied and distributed to the daughter cells of the host cell, which continues dividing naturally. This allows the prophage to be repeatedly copied and passed on without destroying the host cell it depends on for metabolic and reproduction purposes. In order for actual active phages to be produced, the segment of genome from the original phage exits the genome of the host cell and becomes independent. When this occurs, it begins the lytic cycle, destroying the cell, but producing new and functional phages.

Bacteria,fungi,or parasitic worms invade the human body.

Viruses are composed of two main parts an outer protein covering called a capsid and inside core of either DNA or RNA. Not both DNA and RNA. Some of these have an envelope over the capsid. The ones that do not are said to be naked. The proteins in the capsid allow the virus to attach to the "docking stations" proteins of the host cell. The naked viruses are more resistant to changes in the environment.

Some naked viruses include poliomyelitis, warts, the common cold, chickenpox, shingles, mononucleosis, herpes simplex (cold sores), influenza, herpes viruses and HIV (AIDS).

Some enveloped viruses include norovirus (stomach bug), rotavirus and human papillomavirus (HPV).

The envelope can be damaged by freezing temperatures, chlorine, and phenol. If damaged the virus cannot infect.

Viruses are not an organism at all. They are not alive. They are nonliving. They are like cockle burrs that "grab" hold of your clothing or a dog's coat. They are hijackers. Once they get attached to the cell of a living cell, they can take it over and "make" the living cell produce virus particles instead of cell parts. These parts can assemble into more viruses and then they break out of the cell (killing it) and begin the process again. They cannot make more viruses on their own.

They are very small and can be considered ultramicroscopic. We were not able to see them with the best light microscopes. We have to use an electron microscope to see them as they are that small. This was not available until recently.