Acids and Bases

There is no real difference between an alkaline battery and a pile alkaline battery, because the word “pile” is simply another term for battery, commonly used in European wording. Both refer to the same type of battery that uses alkaline chemistry for reliable power. For trusted alkaline batteries and power solutions, quality options are available at EnrgTech.

NH3 is NOT an acid.

NH3 is Ammonia. In solution it acts as a weak base.

Weak acid ; Ethanoic (Acetic) Acid

Strong Base ; Sodium hydroxide

Strong Acid ; Sulphuric Acid

Weak Base ; Ammonia solution.

NO!!!!

CH3COOH is the formula for the carboxylic acid Ethanoic (Acetic) Acid.

Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. it has a pH of about 3 or 4.

The IUPAC organisation have drawn up standards for organic formulae.

For Carboxylic( Weak / Fatty) acids always have the formula R-COOH .

The 'R' being the rest of the molecule.

Structurally, the 'C' has four bonds. A single bond to the 'R'. A double bond to one oxygen, and a single bond to the other oxygen , which in turn has a single bond to the hydrogen . In 2-dimension it is displayed as

R-C(=O)-O-H.

The 'H' dissociates to form 'H^(+)' the acid ion. It does not dissociate as 'O-H^(-). the hydroxide ion.

HCl is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid. It contains the elements hydrogen and chlorine. Therefore, it does not contain any of the elements other than hydrogen and chlorine.

2. Hydrogen and chlorine

Acetic Acid is a WEAK Acid. it has a moderately low pH of about 3 or 4.

It is NOT a strong acid, nor a base.

Humans can digest weak carboxylic acids like vinegar, lactic acid or citric acid, but CANNOT digest strong mineral acids.

Yes its oner and the same chemical.

Its modern IUPAC name is Ethanoic Acid. ( CH3COOH ).

It has the smell of vinegar, because it is a constituent of vinegar.

Casually it is still referred to as Acetic Acid.

Acetic Acid is the archaic name for 'Ethanoic Acid'

The IUPAC organisation rearranged the nomenclature of organic chemistry, and Acetic Acid became ' Ethanoic Acid ' ( Formula CH3COOH ). The IUPAC people also standardised the formula writing.

The womb is technically number an 'Uterus'.

The neck of the womb in the 'Cervix'.

They are all mineral acids.

They all release hydrogen ions (H^(+))in solution.

They all have a low pH

They all turn Blue Litmus to red.

They all turn universal indicator to red.

They are all corrosive, to the skin

They all neutralise alkalis/bases to form a salt and water.

They all are colourless in aqeous solution.

They are all odourless ( do not smell)

Litmus paper is a simple indicator used to determine whether a substance is acidic or basic. Red litmus paper turns blue in the presence of a base, while blue litmus paper turns red in the presence of an acid. This color change occurs due to the pH-sensitive dyes in the paper reacting to the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution. Thus, litmus paper provides a quick visual representation of a substance's acidity or basicity.

To recover silver from a solution containing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, you can perform a precipitation reaction by adding a reducing agent such as sodium metabisulfite or zinc powder. This will convert silver ions in the solution to metallic silver, which will precipitate out. After the reaction, the metallic silver can be filtered, collected, and washed to remove impurities. Finally, it can be further purified if necessary.

NO!!!

Marble is a chemical salt.

It is a metamorphosed form of limestone, which is impure Calcium Carbonate,

Calcium Carbonate is a chemical salt, because it is composed of an ionised metal , calcium, and an acid radical Carbonate ( Carbonic Acid)/.

In pure water at neutral pH (7), the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) and hydrogen ions (H⁺) is equal, each being 1 x 10⁻⁷ moles per liter. However, in basic solutions, the concentration of OH⁻ ions exceeds that of H⁺ ions, meaning OH⁻ outnumbers H⁺. Conversely, in acidic solutions, H⁺ ions outnumber OH⁻ ions. Thus, whether OH⁻ outnumbers H⁺ depends on the solution's pH.

A 22-degree Baumé hydrochloric acid solution typically has a density of about 1.12 grams per milliliter. To convert this to weight per gallon, we can use the conversion factor of 1 gallon = 3.78541 liters. Therefore, the weight per gallon of 22-degree Baumé hydrochloric acid is approximately 4,251 grams, or around 9.37 pounds.

First write don the BALANCED reaction eq'n

2HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) = 2NaCl)aq_ + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Note the molar ratios are 2:1 ::2:1:1

So two moles of HCl reacts with one mole of sodium carbonate .

Next we need to convert 4000 g to moles.

Using the Periodic Table and the Atomic Weights.

2 x Na = 2 x 23 = 46

1 x C = 1 x 12 = 12

3 x O = 3 x 16 = 48

Adding for one molecule(Na2CO3) = 106

Hence moles (Na2CO3) = 4000 / 106 = 37.735849 moles. This is equivalent to 1 molar ratio above.

Hence moles (HCl) = 2 x 37.735849 = 75.471698 . This is equivalent to 2 molar ratios above.

Hence

Mass (HCl) is

75.471698 = mass(g) / 36.5 (The Mr of HCl).

mass (g) = 36.5 X 75.471698 = 2754.71698 g. ~ 2.755 kg.

HBr ( Hydrobromic ACID)

LiOH ( Lithium hydroxide is an ALKALI, which is a SOLUBLE BASE).

MgS ) Magnesium sulphide). At best a salt.

NaBr ( Sodium bromide ' A SALT).

When hydrochloric acid is placed on galena (lead sulfide, PbS), it does not dissolve the mineral directly. However, if the galena is oxidized or if there are other components present, such as lead oxides, hydrochloric acid can react with those to produce soluble lead chloride (PbCl2) and hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S). The reaction can be complex, depending on the specific conditions and the presence of other minerals.

'Lye' has NO constituent acid.

The name 'lye' is an historical and trade name for sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Sodium hydroxide is an Alkali (Soluble Base).

However, Lye (sodium hydroxide) will react with acids to produce an 'chemical salt' and water/

Acetic acid is used in the preparation of pickles primarily for its role as a preservative, as it creates an acidic environment that inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria and molds. Additionally, it imparts a tangy flavor to the pickles, enhancing their taste. The acidity also helps to maintain the crisp texture of the vegetables during the pickling process. Overall, acetic acid is essential for both preservation and flavor enhancement in pickling.

When resting muscle breaks down fatty acids, it primarily produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a process called beta-oxidation. This metabolic pathway converts fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle to generate ATP. Additionally, this process helps maintain energy balance in the muscle during periods of rest and low activity.

Fatty acids and steroids are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of cells. The SER contains enzymes that facilitate the biosynthesis of these lipids, utilizing acetyl-CoA as a primary building block for fatty acids and cholesterol as a precursor for steroid hormones. This process is crucial for cellular membrane formation, energy storage, and hormone production.

When acid is added to a phosphate buffer, the buffer system neutralizes the added hydrogen ions (H⁺) by converting some of the phosphate (HPO₄²⁻) into dihydrogen phosphate (H₂PO₄⁻), thereby resisting a significant change in pH. Conversely, when base is added, the buffer reacts by converting some dihydrogen phosphate (H₂PO₄⁻) into hydrogen phosphate (HPO₄²⁻), again stabilizing the pH. These events are crucial in preparing bacterial growth media, as maintaining a stable pH is essential for optimal bacterial metabolism and growth, preventing stress or death due to pH fluctuations.

The two essential fatty acids that humans must obtain from their diet are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid, and linoleic acid (LA), an omega-6 fatty acid. These acids are crucial for various bodily functions, including cell membrane structure and inflammatory response. Since the body cannot synthesize them, they must be consumed through foods such as flaxseeds, walnuts, and vegetable oils.