YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload, view and share
video clips. YouTube was created in mid February 2005 by three former PayPal employees.[1] The San Bruno-based service uses Adobe Flash technology to
display a wide variety of video content, including movie clips, TV clips and music videos, as well as amateur content such as
videoblogging and short original videos. In October 2006, Google
Inc. announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the company for US$1.65
billion in Google stock. The deal closed on November 13,
2006.[2]
Unregistered users can watch most videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of
videos. Some videos are available only to users of age 18 or older (e.g. videos containing potentially offensive content,
although pornography is disallowed to be uploaded). Related videos, determined by title and
tags, appear onscreen to the right of a given video. In YouTube's second year, functions
were added to enhance user ability to post video 'responses' and subscribe to content feeds.
History
YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve
Chen and Jawed Karim, who were all early employees of PayPal.[3] Prior to PayPal,
Hurley studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Chen and
Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.[4] The domain name "YouTube.com" was activated on February 15, 2005,[5] and the website was developed over the subsequent months. The creators offered the public a preview
of the site in May 2005, six months before YouTube made its official debut.
YouTube's current headquarters in San Bruno
Like many technology startups, YouTube was started as an angel-funded enterprise from
a makeshift office in a garage. In
November 2005, venture firm Sequoia Capital invested an initial $3.5 million;[6] additionally, Roelof
Botha, partner of the firm and former CFO of PayPal, joined the YouTube
board of directors. In April 2006, Sequoia put an additional $8 million into the company, which had experienced huge popular
growth within its first few months.[7]
During the summer of 2006, YouTube was one of the fastest growing websites on the Web,[8]
and was ranked the 5th most popular website on Alexa, far outpacing even MySpace's rate of growth.[9] According to
a July 16 2006 survey, 100 million video clips are viewed daily on
YouTube, with an additional 65,000 new videos uploaded every 24 hours. The website averages nearly 20 million visitors per month,
according to Nielsen/NetRatings,[10] where around 44% are female, 56% male, and the 12- to 17-year-old age group is
dominant.[11] YouTube's pre-eminence in the online video market is substantial. According
to the website Hitwise.com, YouTube commands up to 64% of the UK online video market.[12]
On October 9, 2006, it was announced that the company would
be purchased by Google for US$1.65 billion in
stock. The purchase agreement between Google and YouTube came after YouTube presented three agreements with media companies in an
attempt to escape the threat of copyright-infringement lawsuits. YouTube will continue
operating independently, with its co-founders and 67 employees working within the company.[13] The deal to acquire YouTube closed on November
13, and was, at the time, Google's second largest acquisition.[14]
Media recognition
Within a relatively short time, YouTube has experienced much well-publicized growth, fueled primarily by online word-of-mouth.
The website received an early surge of publicity when it hosted the popular Saturday
Night Live short Lazy Sunday.[15] However, YouTube's official policy prohibits submission of copyrighted
material, and NBC Universal, owners of SNL, soon decided to take action.
In February 2006, NBC asked for the removal of some of its copyrighted content from YouTube,
including Lazy Sunday and 2006 Olympics clips.[6][16] The following month, in an attempt to strengthen its policy against copyright infringement,
YouTube set a 10-minute maximum limit on video runtime. Although earlier users were grandfathered in, new members cannot upload
videos over 10 minutes long. Established content creators can apply to have this restriction lifted.[17] (It should be noted, however, that the actual cutoff time is 10:58).[citation needed] The restriction can easily be
circumvented by uploaders, who simply split the original video into smaller segments, each under the '10-minute' maximum.
Though YouTube complied with NBC's demands, the incident made the news, garnering the website even more publicity. As YouTube
continued growing in popularity, NBC began to realize the website's possibilities, and announced, in June 2006, a strategic
partnership with YouTube. Under the deal, an official NBC channel was set up on YouTube, showcasing promotional clips for the
series The Office. YouTube will also promote NBC videos on its site.[18]
CBS, which had also asked YouTube to remove several of its clips, followed NBC's example in July
2006. In a statement indicative of how traditional media's perception of YouTube (and similar sites) has changed,
Sean McManus, president of CBS News and Sports noted:
| “ |
Our inclination now is, the more exposure we get from clips like that, the better it
is for CBS News and the CBS television network, so in retrospect we probably should have embraced the exposure, and embraced the
attention it was bringing CBS, instead of being parochial and saying ‘let’s pull it down.’[19] |
” |
In August 2006, YouTube announced its goal, within 18 months, to offer every music video ever made, while remaining free of
charge. Warner Music Group and EMI have confirmed that
they are among the companies in talks to implement the plan.[20] In September 2006, Warner Music and YouTube signed a deal, in which the website will be allowed to
host every Warner music video while sharing a portion of the advertisement income. Moreover, user-created videos on YouTube will
be allowed to use Warner songs in their soundtracks.[21]
On October 9, 2006, CBS,
Universal Music Group, and Sony BMG Music
Entertainment announced an agreement to provide content to YouTube.[22]
On January 29, 2007, YouTube co-founder Chad Hurley announced that the online video service will pay its active user-contributors (who should
actually be the true copyright owners) a portion of the website's advertising revenue. However, at the World Economic Forum, Hurley did not mention an exact amount of money that YouTube will pay the
contributors.[23]
Press coverage
Time featured a YouTube screen with a foil mirror as its annual
'Person of the Year', citing user-created media such as YouTube's, and featuring the
site's originators along with several content creators. The Wall Street
Journal and New York Times have also reviewed posted content on
YouTube, and its effects upon corporate communications and recruitment in 2006. PC
World Magazine named YouTube the 9th of the Top 10 Best Products of 2006.[24] In 2007, both Sports Illustrated and
Dime Magazine featured stellar reviews of a basketball highlight video entitled,
The Ultimate Pistol Pete Maravich MIX.[25] Because of its acquisition by Google, it is sometimes referred to as "GooTube."[25]
Revenue model
Before being purchased by Google, YouTube declared that its business model was advertisement-based, making 15 million dollars
per month. Some industry commentators have speculated that YouTube's running costs — specifically the bandwidth required — may be
as high as 5 to 6 million USD per month,[26] thereby
fueling criticisms that the company, like many Internet startups, did not have a viably implemented business model.
Advertisements were launched on the site beginning in March 2006. In April, YouTube started using Google AdSense[citation needed]. YouTube subsequently stopped using AdSense but has resumed in local
regions.
Internationalization
On June 19, 2007, Eric E.
Schmidt was in Paris to launch the new localization system. The entire
interface of the website is now available with localized versions in numerous countries:
Google aims to compete with local videosharing websites like DailyMotion in France. It
also made an agreement with local television stations like M6 and France Télévisions to legally broadcast video content.
Google also plans to localize in Germany and Turkey in the
future. On October 17, 2007 it was announced that a Hong Kong
version had been launched. YouTube's Steve Chen said its next target will be Taiwan.[27][28]
Youtube is blocked from Mainland China from the 18th October due to the censorship of the Taiwanese flag. URLs to Youtube will
be redirected to China's own search engine, Baidu. The unblock date of the site is still
unknown.[29]
Recent events
Political campaigning
Political candidates for the 2008 U.S. Presidential election have been using YouTube as an outlet for advertising their
candidacies. Voters can view candidate statements and make videos supporting (or opposing) presidential candidates (e.g., videos
for Ron Paul, Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and Joe Biden).[30] [31]
Third Party presidential candidates have also made extensive use of YouTube. Libertarian Steve Kubby's campaign debuted a
short animated film, featuring the faces and voices of campaign contributors who financed its production, on YouTube on September
29th, 2007.[32] The U.S. media has often commented that
YouTube played a significant role in the 2006 defeat of Republican Senator George Allen due to a video clip of him making allegedly racist remarks that was
continuously replayed by YouTube viewers during the campaign.[33] [34] [35] [36] [37] Political commentators
such as James Kotecki have also joined the YouTube world of politics. Many commentators
make videos on YouTube critiquing a presidential candidate's YouTube videos, or simply using YouTube as a medium to get their
opinions heard. Recently, French and Italian politicians, such as Antonio Di Pietro,
have also been using the site as part of their campaigns. YouTube has also been used by Australian Prime Minister John Howard in
the lead up to the 2007 federal election.
CNN-YouTube Presidential Debates
-
In the run up to the 2008 Presidential elections, CNN aired a debate in which candidates fielded questions selected from a
pool submitted by users of YouTube. Because of the use of technology to aggregate questions from a wide range of constituents,
the forum has been referred to as "most democratic Presidential Debate ever"[38].
Copyright infringement and controversial material
Copyright
YouTube policy does not give permission for anyone to upload content not permitted by United States copyright law, and the company frequently removes uploaded infringing content.
Nonetheless, a large amount of potentially infringing content continues to be uploaded (e.g., television shows/clips, film clips,
commercials, music videos, music concerts, M.U.G.E.N, emulator
hacks, or games republished onto another system such as PSP). Generally
speaking, unless a copyright holder reports them, YouTube only discovers these videos via indications within the YouTube
community through self-policing. YouTube generally identifies video content through search terms that uploaders associate with
clips. Some deceptive users create alternative search terms when uploading specific file types (similar to the deliberate
misspelling of band names on MP3 filesharing networks). For a brief time, members could also report on one another. The flagging
feature, intended as a means of reporting questionable content, has been subject to considerable abuse; for a time, some users
were flagging other users' original content for copyright violations out of spite. YouTube proceeded to remove copyright
infringement from the list of flaggable offenses.
Starting October 2007, YouTube is allowing media companies to block their copyrighted video content that was loaded onto
YouTube without seeking any prior permission.[39]
Hollywood remains divided on YouTube, as "'the marketing guys love
YouTube and the legal guys hate it.'"[40] Further,
While lawyers are demanding filtering technology, many Hollywood execs actually enjoy the fact that YouTube only takes down
clips when they request it. "If I found part of a successful show up on YouTube today, I'd probably pull it down immediately ....
If I had a show that wasn't doing so well in the ratings and could use the promotion, I wouldn't be in a rush to do
that."[40]
Content owners are not just targeting YouTube for copyright infringements, but are also targeting third party websites that
link to infringing content on YouTube and other video-sharing sites. For example QuickSilverScreen vs. Fox[41] Daily Episodes vs. Fox[42] and Columbia vs. Slashfilm.[43] The liability of linking remains a grey area with cases for and against. The law in the U.S.
currently leans towards website owners being liable for infringing links[44] although they are often protected by the DMCA providing they take down infringing content when issued with a takedown notice.
However, a recent court ruling in the U.S. found Google not liable for linking to infringing content (Perfect 10 v. Google, Inc.).
Examples of infringement complaints
On October 5, 2006, the Japanese Society for Rights of
Authors, Composers and Publishers (JASRAC) finalized their copyright complaints regarding
Japanese media on YouTube. Thousands of media from popular Japanese artists (such as Tokyo
Jihen and other music including Jpop) were removed.
When CBS and Universal Music Group signed agreements to provide content on YouTube, they announced a new technology to help
them find and remove copyrighted material.[22]
TV journalist Robert Tur filed the first lawsuit against the company in the summer of 2006,
alleging copyright infringement for hosting a number of famous news clips without permission. The case has yet to be
resolved.[45][46]
On November 9, 2006, Artie
Lange said that his lawyers were in talks with YouTube, after Lange learned that his entire DVD, It's the Whiskey
Talking, was available for free on the website. He added that he will either demand money from them, or will sue.[47]
Viacom and the British Broadcasting Corporation both demanded
YouTube to take down more than 200,000 videos.[48]
Viacom announced it was suing YouTube, and its owner Google,
for more than $1 billion in the United States District Court for the
Southern District of New York. Viacom
claims that YouTube posted over 160,000 of their videos on the website without their permission.[49][50]
In 2007 a 15 year old Australian boy managed to get YouTube to delete over 200 YouTube videos
belonging to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation using a fake
DMCA take down notice. When the fake DMCA notice arrived, the ABC
already had in place a long standing deal with YouTube to freely share its videos. In his hand written letter the boy claimed
that he was acting on behalf of the "Australian Broddcasting Corperation [sic]", giving his own hotmail address as his business contact and demanded that hundreds of videos from ABC’s
The Chaser's War on Everything television program be deleted from
YouTube's servers. Despite the boy not having any affiliation with the ABC and the spelling errors on his hand written form
YouTube did delete all of the videos at the boy’s request and replaced each with a message stating "This video is no longer
available due to a copyright claim by Australian Broadcasting Corporation".[51]
Use of acoustic fingerprints
On October 12 2006, YouTube announced that because of recent
agreements with high-profile content creators, they now required to use antipiracy software, which uses an audio-signature technology that can detect a low-quality copy of licensed video. YouTube would have
to substitute an approved version of any clip or remove the material immediately. Industry analysts speculated that removal of
content with such a system might reduce overall user satisfaction.[52][52]
On April 16, 2007, Google's CEO Eric E. Schmidt presented a keynote speech at the NAB Convention in
Las Vegas. During the Q&A session, Schmidt announced that YouTube was close to
enacting a content filtering system to remove infringing content from the service. The new system, called "Claim Your Content",
will automatically identify copyrighted material for removal.[[#wp-_note-[paidcontent.org|[53]]]
Google spokesperson Ricardo Reyes stated on June 13, 2007 that
the company was seeking "a way to make video identification technology a reality" when they began to test the system in the next
few days.[54][55]
Violence
-
On June 1, 2006, the evening ITV
News bulletin reported that YouTube and similar sites were being used by teenagers who were recording fights on mobile phones. In July 2007, a similar incident
happened at a school in Hayling Island, U.K.[56]
Animal abuse
YouTube has been criticized for hosting hundreds of videos of real-life animal cruelty made specifically to be shown on the
site. In spite of these videos being flagged as inappropriate by many users, YouTube has generally failed to take the same
policing actions to remove them that they have with videos containing copyright infringement or sexual content. [57] [58]
White House National Drug Control involvement
In September 2006, the Office of National Drug Control Policy
(ONDCP) began running anti-drug messages through YouTube.[59] In response, many YouTube users began uploading rebuttals and low rating the public service
announcements. Consequently, since mid-September, the ONDCP has removed the ability to evaluate any of their messages.
New York Times reports anti-U.S. attack videos
On October 5, 2006, The New York Times reported on the
proliferation of what they considered to be anti-U.S. Iraqi insurgent attack videos on YouTube.[60]
Banning
-
YouTube has been blocked in several countries since its inception. These countries include: Brazil, Morocco, and Thailand. Certain video
pages have been banned as of October 1, 2007 in Turkey and United Arab Emirates.
Schools are also starting to ban YouTube because students post videos of bullying and also because of the increased bandwidth
usage.[61]
Spamming
-
With recent improvements to e-mail spam filtering technology and their wider use, spammers have begun using YouTube as way to
advertise: popular videos frequently have comments with links to irrelevant external sites, usually with some enticing statements
(such as "Great video, go to <site> for the full version"). They may also send messages to a user's inbox (essentially in
the form of a plain-text spam email). The users who send the spam comments generally use automatically generated user names,
making it difficult to block them.[citation needed]
Terms of service
According YouTube's terms of service,[62] users may upload videos only with permission of the copyright holder and of the depicted persons.
Pornography, defamation, harassment, commercial advertisements and material that encourages criminal conduct is prohibited. The
uploader grants YouTube a license to distribute and modify the uploaded material for any purpose; this license terminates when
the uploader deletes the material from the site. Users may view videos on the site as long as they agree to the terms of service;
downloading or copying of the videos is not permitted.
Domain name problem
YouTube's immense success has unintentionally affected the business of an American company, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment Corp., whose website, http://www.utube.com, has been frequently overloaded and shut
down by extremely high numbers of visitors unsure about the spelling of YouTube's domain name.[63] At the beginning of November 2006, Universal Tube filed suit in federal court against YouTube,[64] requesting that the youtube.com domain be transferred to
them.[65] This was widely viewed as frivolous litigation.
Technical notes
Video format
YouTube's video playback technology is based on Macromedia's Flash Player 7 and uses the Sorenson Spark H.263 video codec. This technology allows the site to display videos with quality
comparable to more established video playback technologies (such as Windows Media
Player, QuickTime and RealPlayer) that generally
require the user to download and install a web browser plugin in order to view video. Flash also requires a plug-in, but the Flash 7 plug-in is generally considered to
be present on approximately 90% of online computers.[66]
The video can also be played back with gnash or VLC. It
has pixel dimensions of 320 by 240 and runs at 25 frames per second. The maximum data rate is 300kbit/s.
YouTube converts videos into .FLV (Adobe Flash Video) format after uploading.[67] The extension is then stripped from the file (Extension can
be found again with TrID). The different files are stored in obscurely named subdomains, to make ripping the videos difficult. YouTube also converts content to other formats so that it
can be viewed outside of the website. See below.
YouTube officially accepts uploaded videos in .WMV, .AVI, .MOV, MPEG and .MP4, formats[68]
Video can be seen in windowed mode or full screen mode; it is possible to switch the mode during the viewing of any video
without reloading it thanks to the full-screen function of Adobe Flash Player 9.
Audio format
YouTube files contain an MP3 audio stream. By default, it is mono-encoding with a 65kbit/s rate at 22050 Hz. However, it is
possible to get a stereo audio track if the movie file is manually converted to FLV format using a program such as ffmpegX for Macintosh or the commercial Riva FLV Encoder for Windows.
Content accessibility
On YouTube
As noted above, YouTube accepts common file formats and converts them to the H.263 variant of
Flash Video, and makes them available for online viewing. Beginning in June 2007, newly
uploaded videos will also be encoded using the H.264 video standard to enable streaming
of YouTube videos on the Apple TV and the iPhone.
On Apple TV
Apple Inc. announced on 20 June 2007 that YouTube is accessible on the Apple TV after installation of a free
software update. Functionality includes browsing by category, searching videos, and the ability for members to log onto their
YouTube accounts directly on Apple TV. Access to thousands of the most current and popular YouTube videos will be available, with
plans to add thousands more videos each week. The entire catalog is targeted to be available in fall 2007. According to Apple VP
David Moody, the reason for the delay is the need for all current YouTube content to be transcoded to Apple's preferred video
standard, H.264. All content uploaded in and after June, however, will be automatically encoded into H.264, rendering additional
transcoding unnecessary for these newer files.
On mobile
YouTube launched its mobile site, YouTube Mobile on 15 June
2007. It is based on xHTML and uses 3GP videos with H263/AMR codec and RTSP streaming.
Apple announced Wednesday, 20 June 2007 that YouTube would be
available on iPhone at launch. Streaming is over WiFi or EDGE.
Videos on YouTube for the iPhone are encoded in Apple's preferred H.264 format. All videos are viewed in the horizontal
orientation of the phone. As YouTube videos have 4:3 aspect ratio and the iPhone is 3:2, videos must be viewed with black bars on
the side (pillarboxed) or may be zoomed to trim some of the top and bottom to fill the screen.
Not all videos are available on iPhone yet because not every video has been reencoded to H.264. There are two versions of each
video on YouTube, one is higher bandwidth for WiFi use, and one is lower resolution for EDGE use.
Unlike the Apple TV version, users cannot log in to their own YouTube accounts, but can create a separate favorites list just
for the iPhone.
Elsewhere outside YouTube
Each video is accompanied by the full HTML markup for linking to it and/or embedding
it within another page, unless the submitter of a video chooses to disable the embedding feature. A small addition to the
embeddable markup will allow the video to play automatically when the webpage loads. These simple cut-and-paste options are
especially popular with users of social-networking sites. Poor experiences, however, have been cited by users of such
sites,[69] where autoplaying embedded YouTube videos has
been reported to slow down page loading time or even to crash internet browsers.
The YouTube Player is the name of another embeddable applet (with a different interface),
designed for browsing YouTube videos on an iGoogle homepage.
Downloading videos
YouTube itself does not make it easy to download and save videos for offline viewing or editing, but several third-party web
sites, applications, browser extensions (such as Firefox extensions) exist for that
purpose. Alternatively, most .flv files can be copied from the 'Temporary Internet
Files' folder in Windows, or the /tmp directory in GNU systems, to a permanent folder. The
.flv files can then be viewed and edited directly or converted to other formats using various applications.
YouTube Remixer
On June 18, 2007, YouTube launched its online video editing
tool, YouTube Remixer. The tool allows
users to edit their YouTube videos online, although the editing tools are very limited.
Channel Type
Members of YouTube.com are offered to be a part of groups called "Channel Types" that make their channel more distinctive. The
types are:
- YouTuber, a general viewer of YouTube.
- Director, movie makers displaying their videos for YouTube viewers.
- Musician, musicians or bands covering songs or displaying originals or giving lessons on
songs, scales, chords, etc.
- Comedian, comedians displaying their comedy bits for YouTube viewers.
- Guru, people who are experienced in a certain field make videos of what they do.
Social impact
Internet celebrities and breaking boundaries
-
YouTube's popularity has led to the creation of many YouTube Internet
celebrities, popular individuals who have attracted much publicity in their home countries (and sometimes world renown)
due to their videos.[70] The most subscribed YouTube
member, as of October 18, 2007, is Smosh.[71] For some users, Internet fame
has led to unexpected results and, in some cases, crossovers into traditional media or entertainment avenues. Former receptionist
Brooke Brodack (Brookers) from Connecticut has been
signed by NBC's Carson Daly for an 18-month development
contract in June 2006; Brodack was among the first individuals to transition into mainstream media through YouTube.[72][73] Another discovery was the uncovered fictitious blog of lonelygirl15, now known to be the creation of New Zealand actress
Jessica Rose and some film directors. In 2007, a Dutch vocalist and songwriter named
Esmée Denters (esmeedenters) was signed to a recording contract by Billy Mann based on her YouTube performances.[74][75] On January 31, 2007, Fox announced that
Lisa Donovan (LisaNova) would appear as a cast member during the 12th season of its
sketch comedy show MADtv.[76] Terra Naomi (terranaomi) has been signed
with Island Records, a division of the Universal
Music Group, one of the Big Four record labels. Brandon Hardesty (ArtieTSMITW), known for a popular reenactment series among his work, is currently in
a GEICO television commercial[77] running nationally in the U.S. and it consists mostly of a segment taken from his Strange Faces
and Noises I Can Make III video.[78] Ysabella Brave (ysabellabrave and ysabellabravetalk) announced in two videos on June 3 2007, in connection with a Los
Angeles Times feature article[79] about her on
the same day, that she has been signed by Cordless Recordings, a division of the
Warner Music Group, also one of the four major records labels. TheReceptionist
announced in a video on July 9 2007 that he will be providing
content for Comedy Central's website.[80] Daniel Geduld (everyonesvoice) now works in the voice-over business and he credits his discovery to
his popular Skeletor remixes, which change an originally serious animation series into
comedy.[81]
Band and music promotion
YouTube has also become a means of promoting bands and their music. One such example is OK Go
which got a huge radio hit and an MTV Video Music Awards performance out of the
treadmill video for Here It Goes Again.[82][83] In the same light, a video broadcasting the Free Hugs
Campaign with accompanying music by the Sick Puppies led to instant fame for both
the band and the campaign, with more campaigns taking place in different parts of the world. The main character of the video,
Juan Mann has also achieved fame, being interviewed on Australian news programs, even
appearing on The Oprah Winfrey Show.[84]
Sharing revenue with popular users
In May 2007, YouTube invited some of its most viewed users to become "YouTube Partners." This exclusive status, previously
only offered to commercial content providers, allows users to earn revenue from advertisements placed next to videos.[85] Participants include Ben
Going (boh3m3), Caitlin Hill (TheHill88), Paul
Robinett (renetto), Lisa Donovan (LisaNova), Jessica Rose (lonelygirl15), Kevin Nalty (Nalts) Tony Huynh (thewinekone), Brandon Hardesty (ArtieTSMITW), and
Yousef Abu-Taleb (Danielbeast), among the 100 partners.[86]
YouTube gatherings
YouTubers periodically hold public gatherings to celebrate the video sharing community.[87] One of the earliest of such gatherings, the recurrent and international As
One, was first held in January 2007 in Hollywood,
California. The second As One, held on February 17, 2007 at Pier 39 in
San Francisco, California,
managed to attract many of YouTube's highest viewed individuals.[88] Notable attendees included: Caitlin Hill; Ben Going; and Yousef Abu-Taleb, the actor who plays
DanielBeast in the YouTube serial lonelygirl15. A
third gathering took place on July 7, 2007, at Washington Square Park in New York City. A
singing invitation to the event, posted on YouTube by Christine Gambito, YouTube's
Happyslip, gained over 2.6 million views.[89]
Notable attendees included: Brooke Brodack; Caitlin
Hill; Charles Trippy; wpgpeanut; and Kevin Nalty. Yet another took place in
Washington D.C. on September 8, 2007.[90]
Video rankings
An example of rating, honors, and other information on a video
YouTube awards videos with honors, the most popular of which is "most viewed"[91] which are divided into four categories: today, this week, this month and all time. Honors
include:
- Most Viewed topped by
Judson Laipply's Evolution of Dance
- Top Rated
- Most Discussed
- Top Favorites
- Most Linked
- Recently Featured
- Most Responded
YouTube Video Awards
Starting in 2006, YouTube has presented the annual YouTube Video Awards. Categories include "'most adorable' video ever" and
"most creative." YouTube nominates the contenders, and users decide the winners. Only original, user created videos are
nominated. Nominees for the 2006 awards included Peter Oakley (geriatric1927),
LonelyGirl15, thewinekone, Renetto and Chad Vader.[92][93]
2006 Awards:[94]
- Most Creative - Here It Goes Again OK Go
- Best Comedy - Smosh Short 2: Stranded Smosh
- Best Commentary - Hotness Prevails / Worst Video Ever thewinekone
- Best Series - Ask A Ninja digtalfilmmaker
- Best Music Video - Say It's Possible Terra Naomi
- Most Inspirational - Free Hugs Campaign PeaceOnEarth123
- Most Adorable - Kiwi Madyeti47
See also
References
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(2006). "YouTube: Sharing
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- ^ Info for YouTube.com (English). Alexa.com.
Amazon.com (2006-07-26). Retrieved on 2006-07-26.
- ^ a b Woolley, Scott. "Raw and Random",
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- ^ Sequoia invests 11.5 million total in YouTube, accessed July
7, 2006
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Amazon.com (2006-07-26). Retrieved on 2006-07-26.
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- ^ YouTube U.S. Web Traffic Grows 17
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- ^ "Google pays the price to capture
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- ^ Google to
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- ^ "Google closes $A2b YouTube deal", theage.com.au, 2006-11-14. Retrieved
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- ^ http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060329-6481.html YouTube hosts Lazy Sunday, accessed July 7 2006
- ^ NBC Pressures Websites on Video Clips by Andrew Wallenstein, 22
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