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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
What is the primary energy molecule in living things?
ATP also called adenosine triphosphate.
It is based around the same nitrogenous base as the DNA and RNA adenine nucleotide is, except it is not attached to a sugar and has three phosphate groups instead of the one phosphate group that the adenine nucleotide has.
Is there a difference between enzyme inhibition and enzyme suppression?
enzyme induction:
Many of the enzymes involved in drug metabolism may be
up-regulated by exposure to drugs and environmental
chemicals leading to increased rates of metabolism.
This phenomenon is known as enzyme induction Enzyme inhibition: Inhibiting the activity of enzymes(generally done by heating, changing Ph, reaction with different chemicals.)
Energy is released.
What are the functions of hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin functions to transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues in the body, and then carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled. It also helps to regulate blood pH by buffering acids and bases in the blood.
What does the enzyme coagulase do?
The coagulase enzyme activates prothrombin, which causes fibrin formation around the bacteria (ie Staph aureus), protecting it from phagocytosis. Of all 3 pathogenic staphylococcal species, only Staph aureus is coagulase positive.
What color does iodine turn if a starch is present?
Iodine turns blue-black in color in the presence of starch.
The transfer of a phosphate group that occurs in glycolysis is called?
The transfer of a phosphate group that occurs in glycolysis is called substrate-level phosphorylation. This process involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP to form ATP.
Where does the majority of cellular respiration take place?
The majority of cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of a cell. This process involves breaking down glucose to produce ATP energy that the cell can use for various functions. Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their role in generating energy.
Generally speaking, no molecule supplies the energy to join a glucose into a growing glycogen chain. A previous step must be done and that is the formation of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose or UDPG). Since the direct conversion of Glucose 1 phosphate (G1P) to glycogen and Pi is thermodynamically unfavorable (positive delta G) under all physiological Piconcentrations, glycogen biosynthesis requires the formation of UDPG by the combination of G1P with uridine triphosphate (UTP). UDPG's "high energy" status permits it to spontaneously donate glucosyl units to the growing glycogen chain. The step is catalyzed by the enzyme Glycogen Synthase, the glycosyl unit of UDPG is transferred to the C4-OH group on one of the glycogen's nonreducing ends to form an alpha(1-4)-glycosidic bond.
What hormones prevents excessive water loss by promoting water reabsorption in the collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, prevents excessive water loss by promoting water reabsorption in the collecting duct of the kidney. ADH acts on the collecting duct to increase its permeability to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, thereby concentrating urine and reducing water loss.
Why is the kreb's cycle considered to be an aerobic process?
The Krebs cycle is considered an aerobic process because it is part of the process of respiration, in which oxygen is required to break down food molecules to release energy.
Building molecules that can be used as an energy source is called anabolism, while breaking down molecules to release stored energy is called catabolism. These processes are key components of metabolism, the set of chemical reactions that sustain life by converting food into energy and building blocks for cells.
What is an example of a hypertonic IV solution?
One example of a hypertonic IV solution is 3% saline, which has a higher concentration of salt than the human body. This solution is used to draw fluid out of the body's cells and into the bloodstream to treat conditions like hyponatremia or cerebral edema.
What is the effect of the saliva on starch?
It partially brakes down the starch in food to form simple sugars through the enzyme present in it.
How is glucose changed as it moves through glycolysis?
Glucose is modified by particular reactions, and eventually splits into 2 3 carbon sugars, which interconvert between each other. These are modified further to produce pyruvate. Glycolysis literally means, "splitting sugars".
Summarize what happens during the Calvin cycle?
Is used to creat NADPH+ to carry energy to other parts of the chloroplast
Is used to create some ATP from ADP
Is udes to breakup water into protons, electrons, and oxygen atoms (with help from enzymes)
Hope that helped (:
Fats and oils are made up of long hydrocarbon chains, specifically glycerol's and fatty acids. Hydrocarbons are organic molecules, so a fat is organic in nature.
How many protons needed to create one ATP at ATP synthase?
ATP is not made from amino Acids. It is Adenosine tri phosphate.
Where are proteins built inside the Cell?
Most proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Do any of the Cells lack a Cell membrane?
No, all cells have a cell membrane that acts as a protective barrier around the cell. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining its internal environment. Without a cell membrane, the cell would not be able to survive.
How many molecules of water are formed when 4 amino acids bond?
For every peptide bond there is one water molecule
