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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
What happens to the electron transport chain if oxygen is lacking?
The organism dies as no energy for even the simplest things, such as respiration and brain command, is available. Only in muscle cells can the organism switch to glycolysis for ATP production. The brain cells can not preform glycolysis.
Reuptake - process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles.
What monosaccharides are formed upon hydrolysis what sucrose?
The hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase results in breaking the bond between glucose and fructose and forming new bonds from the atoms of water.
What are the products in glycolysis and where do they go?
the product of glycolysis is pyruvic acid and
Products of the first turn of the citric acid cycle are: one GTP (or ATP), three NADH, one QH2, two CO2.
Because two acetyl-CoA molecules are produced from each glucose molecule, two cycles are required per glucose molecule. Therefore, at the end of two cycles, the products are: two GTP, six NADH, two QH2, and four CO2
What is the mechanism involved in Liebermann- Burchard test?
When conc. sulfuric acid is added to cholesterol, a water molecule is removed from C3 of cholesterol molecule, and it is oxidised to form3,5-cholestadiene.This product is converted to a polymer containing a chromophore which results in the green colouration indicating a positive test.
How is equilibrium important for the life of the Cell?
In the chemistry lab, equilibrium equates to all of the chemically involved moieties being present in the same concentrations.
As to when Biochemistry is involved, the word equilibrium is synonymous with homeostasis.
Copy genetic material to reproduce identical Cells?
Replication-
Before a Cell divides, its DNA is replicated (duplicated.) Because the two strands of a DNA molecule have complementary base pairs, the nucleotide sequence of each strand automatically supplies the information needed to produce its partner. If the two strands of a DNA molecule are separated, each can be used as a pattern or template to produce a complementary strand. Each template and its new complement together then form a new DNA double helix, identical to the original.
Before replication can occur, the length of the DNA double helix about to be copied must be unwound. In addition, the two strands must be separated, much like the two sides of a zipper, by breaking the weak hydrogen bonds that link the paired bases. Once the DNA strands have been unwound, they must be held apart to expose the bases so that new nucleotide partners can hydrogen-bond to them.
The enzyme DNA polymerase then moves along the exposed DNA strand, joining newly arrived nucleotides into a new DNA strand that is complementary to the template.
Each Cell contains a family of more than thirty enzymes to insure the accurate replication of DNA.
There are six different cycloalkane isomer possibilities for C5H10
1) cyclopentane
2) methylcyclobutane
3) 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane
4) cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopropane
5) trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopropane
6) ethylcyclopopane
*Note that #4 and #5 are cis/trans isomers of each other. They are not structural isomers, because they have their methyl groups connected on the same carbon atoms on the cyclopropane (they are just connected in different ways).
How is cellular respiration diffrient from photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the opposites of each other. Photosynthesis takes in energy (from the sun's light) and stores that energy in complex sugars. Cellular respiration breaks down these complex sugars and turns the stored energy into the usable form of energy, ATP.
Which type of mutation does not change the amino acids produced?
Well consider the substitution of one hydrophillic amino acid for another hydrophillic amino acid. This type of mutation changes nothing but a molecular marker.
or
Silent
Some properties of acetone include flammability and volatility. Acetone is an excellent low density organic solvent, and is also a metabolic side product, and thus can be found in blood in small concentrations.
What are the different functions of water in living systems?
- Water is a universal solvent, allowing for chemical reactions to take place in living systems.
- It helps regulate temperature through its high specific heat capacity.
- Water provides structural support in cells and tissues, and also serves as a lubricant in joints and other body systems.
A diluted saltwater solution that is naturally found in cells is called?
The diluted saltwater solution found in cells is called intracellular fluid or cytoplasm. It contains a variety of dissolved ions, proteins, and nutrients that are essential for cell function and survival.
What happens to pyruvate produced when very little oxygen is available?
Pyruvate is the result of glycolysis, the degradation of a molecule of glucose. In aerobic conditions (with O2 present), pyruvate is oxidized to H2O and CO2 via the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy (ATP). In anaerobic conditions (low levels of O2), pyruvate metabolism goes in two directions: in yeasts, an alcoholic fermentation takes place (with the production of two CO2 molecules + two molecules of ethanol); while in muscle, homolactic fermentation occurs (with the result of 2 molecules of lactate).
What happens during oxidation reactions?
During oxidation reactions, a substance loses electrons, resulting in an increase in its oxidation state. This process is often associated with the release of energy and the formation of new chemical bonds. Oxidation reactions can lead to the formation of new products with higher oxidation states compared to the reactants.
Why is butter becoming rancid a chemical change?
Butter becoming rancid is a chemical change because it involves the oxidation of the fats in the butter, leading to the formation of new compounds that give off an unpleasant odor and taste. This process alters the chemical composition of the butter, making it different from its original form.
Why would a plant be put in the dark before doing an experiment for photosynthesis?
so that it cannot make any nutrients/energy from photosynthesis (because there is no light), therefore all its nutrients are used up before the experiment begins....so it is a reliable test (nutrients made by photosynthesis before experiment would cause unreliable results because it wouldn't give proof that light is needed for photosynthesis to occur)
What organelle would you find the monosaccharide in?
The chloroplasts, since that is where glucose is made in a plant cell.
Paper that is blue will turnstay in the presence of a strong base?
Paper that is blue will turn/stay _____ in the presence of a strong base.
How can there be so many different types of proteins when there are only 23 different amino acids?
Proteins are really very diverse in terms of their amino acid composition. Proteins are coded in the DNA, the sequence of DNA (A, T, G, C) determines the fate of amino acids that join together to form a protein. so the bases of the DNA can make a diverse group of proteins. normally proteins from a same family (for example antibodies or kinases) share a conserved domains or amino acids although they differ in their specificity and function.
