Biochemistry

Eight transglutaminases are known today.

Hydrolysis is the process by which water is used to break down larger polymers into smaller subunits, such as monomers or oligomers. This process is essential for the metabolism of polymers because it allows the body to extract and utilize the energy and nutrients stored in these larger molecules.

The first enzyme that mixes with food in the digestive process is salivary amylase, which is produced in the salivary glands. Salivary amylase helps to break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars in the mouth before the food reaches the stomach.

Pepsinogen is secreted as an inactive precursor because pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that can damage the cells that produce it. By secreting pepsinogen, the stomach protects itself from self-digestion until it is needed to break down proteins in the stomach.

The formal charge on the oxygen atom in NO is 0. Nitrogen contributes 2 valence electrons, and oxygen contributes 6 electrons. Since there are no formal charges assigned to N and O in NO, the formal charge on O can be calculated as 6 valence electrons - 6 non-bonding electrons - 2 bonding electrons = 0.

It marks what goes in the cell and what comes out if the marker sense that its not part of the cell then it attacks whatever it is.

The process is called active transport. Active transport involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, which requires energy in the form of ATP.

Increasing the temperature or pressure of the gas will result in an increase in the speed of gas molecules, leading to more frequent collisions with the container wall. This is due to the higher kinetic energy of the gas molecules causing them to move faster and collide more often with the container wall.

Hormone pills alone do not prevent pregnancy and can actually increase the risk of pregnancy if not used correctly. It is always important to use a reliable form of contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancy.

Practices that are unnecessarily harmful to the environment. An example of this, that was widespread in the world, and practiced for many years: Dumping raw sewage into the nation's aquifers.

Suspension is typically made up of larger particles (greater than 1000 nm) that are dispersed in a liquid. In contrast, a colloid solution consists of particles that are intermediate in size between a suspension and a true solution (1-1000 nm). Therefore, the particles in a suspension are generally larger than those in a colloid solution.

Erlenmeyer flasks are commonly used in laboratories for holding, mixing, and heating liquids. They have a conical shape that allows for swirling without spilling, making them ideal for titrations and other experiments where mixing is required. Erlenmeyer flasks also have a narrow neck that can accommodate rubber stoppers or tubing for airtight reactions or distillations.

Growth hormone, secreted by the Pituitary gland, most actively in childhood. In adulthood, the secretion would lead to a 'selective' growth, meaning only certain body parts will enlarge (hands, feet, jaw, for example). That condition is called 'Acromegaly'.

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The tertiary structure of a protein provides information about how its secondary structural elements (such as alpha helices and beta sheets) are arranged in three dimensions to form a functional protein. It also reveals the specific interactions between amino acid residues and the overall 3D shape of the protein, which are crucial for its function. Additionally, the tertiary structure can give insight into the protein's stability, ligand binding sites, and biological activity.

Alpha-imino-glutaric acid. The imino stands for a C=N double bond.

We have to clearly understand the concept that enzymes are actually, chemically proteins. There are enzymes that are involved in proteins production (peptidyl synthetase), lipid or nucleic acid formation. So a protein can help in forming other protein or enzymes. Most important thing is, all proteins are coded in DNA.

Iodine reacts with starch to produce a blue-black color, so ingesting cooked potato starch in water with iodine is unlikely to cause any harm. The body cannot digest starch in its raw form, but the cooked starch may be broken down by digestive enzymes in the body to release glucose for energy. If large amounts are ingested, it may cause digestive issues like bloating or gas.

Amino acids with positively charged side chains, such as lysine, arginine, and histidine, would make the overall charge of a polypeptide more positive when incorporated into the polypeptide chain. These amino acids have side chains that can interact with negatively charged groups, leading to a net positive charge in the polypeptide.

Fatty acid esters of glycerol are commonly known as fats or triglycerides. They are composed of three fatty acid molecules joined to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. Fats serve as a major energy source for the body and are essential for various physiological functions.

Clinical nutrition is dealing with patients that tend to have diseases that need specific diet inorder for their health not to detoriate or for the disease symptoms to get worse...

for example..there are special diets for people who have diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, liver diseases and they sometimes just give a diet for overweight or obese people to lose weight as they might be at risk of developing chronic diseases..

as for the public health nutiriton its kind of similar but also has its differences...

it is also contributing for a better health and wellbeing but not on an individual level but on community level...

they tend to work in schools, home centers, public facilities and so on and help these settings on raising awareness on the importance of nutrition related issues..

The color tube used for AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) testing is typically a red or gold top tube, which indicates it is for serum testing. It is recommended to follow the specific instructions provided by the laboratory where the testing will be done.

Vmax, or maximum velocity, is a parameter used to describe enzyme kinetics. It represents the maximum rate of reaction that an enzyme can achieve when it is saturated with substrate. The unit of Vmax is typically expressed as amount of substrate converted or product formed per unit time (e.g., μmol/min).

They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.

Trisomy-21, also known as Down syndrome, is characterized by developmental delays, distinct facial features, and intellectual disabilities. Individuals with trisomy-21 may also have heart defects, gastrointestinal issues, and an increased risk of certain medical conditions such as leukemia. Early intervention and support services can help improve quality of life for individuals with Down syndrome.

Yes, tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized in the body from another amino acid called phenylalanine. It plays a key role in protein synthesis and is a precursor for important neurotransmitters and hormones.