Evolution

Both change the availability of certain alleles in the gene pool.

Natural selection is a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment. ie predators eat the slower prey, so faster genes survive to spread to the next generation.

Random fluctuations in the frequency of the appearance of a gene in a small isolated population, presumably owing to chance rather than natural selection. ie 50 people move from America to a small island in the Caribbean, and stay isolated there for many centuries. If maybe 20 of those original 50 people carried a gene for say, early onset male baldness, that would not mean that 20 out of every 50 people in US have that gene, that just means that this happened by chance. If they inbreed for centuries, eventually most or all of them will carry this gene. This is why it is important that our gene pool does not become stagnant.

Source: Way too much biology for nursing!

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of a gene. They can occur spontaneously during DNA replication or due to external factors like radiation or chemicals. Mutations can lead to genetic diversity and evolution, but they can also cause genetic diseases if they disrupt normal gene function.

The individual or his/her (assuming a sexed species) genes. Still a bit of a ' bone of contention in biology between these two levels; the gene and the individual. The only truly marginalized position as to ' target ' of selection is the group.

That depends on what you mean by 'immediate'. Drastic rates of evolution are possible in many species, where mutations are either relatively very common or where the environment results in harsh selection.

But nothing will make one species "immediately" evolve into another in one generation, or even two or ten.

Evolution may have been caused according to Darwin's theory, by different locations of the animals. according to what they eat and how they live their lifestyle depends on how they evolve. for example: over time girraffes had to have a long neck to consume leaves off of tall trees. another example would be wood peckers developing a sharp beak to hammer through tough bark on trees.

Stabilizing selection is the type of natural selection that acts against extreme forms of a polygenic trait to reduce genetic variation and maintains the average value of the trait within a population. It favors the intermediate phenotype, leading to a narrowing of the range of variation for that trait over time.

Yes, antibiotic resistance typically arises through a combination of random mutations in bacteria's genetic material and natural selection favoring those bacteria that have mutations conferring resistance to antibiotics. Over time, these resistant bacteria survive and multiply, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains.

Natural selection operates by favoring individuals with advantageous traits that increase their survival and reproduction rates. Over time, these individuals pass on these advantageous traits to their offspring, leading to a change in the population's characteristics as the frequency of these traits increases. This process results in the adaptation of the population to its environment.

The spoils system is a system when the elected appoints his friends to offices based on their support, not skill. Does that sound like a good idea? The only way i could argue this to be a good idea is if you take into account that like-minded government officials are more likely to accomplish change as compared to battling political minds (But then again, the Democrats certainly have failed despite controlling presidency and Congress from '08-'10)

Source: My mind

Cuckoo and cowbirds are studied for determining evolutionary relationships among bird families. These brood parasites lay their eggs in the nests of other bird species, enabling researchers to understand host-parasite relationships and evolutionary histories within avian families.

1.2 billion years ago, organisms experienced significant changes such as the development of multicellularity in certain lineages and the emergence of more complex forms of life. This period marked the diversification of eukaryotic organisms, leading to the evolution of various new body plans and adaptations. Additionally, the first evidence of sexual reproduction and the appearance of eukaryotic algae and fungi occurred during this time.

yes, as more things are learned theories can be modified (theory of evolution) also sometimes theories can be thrown out (the theory that the earth is flat)

Fads can lead to shortages by causing sudden spikes in demand for specific products. Manufacturers may not be able to adjust production quickly enough to meet this increased demand, leading to shortages in supply. Additionally, hoarding by consumers who want to stock up on the trendy item can further exacerbate the shortage.

Isolation in evolution refers to the separation of a population from the rest of its species, leading to reduced gene flow between different groups. This isolation can be geographic, reproductive, or behavioral, and can ultimately result in the development of distinct species through the process of divergent evolution.

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection revolutionized the field of biology by providing a comprehensive explanation for the diversity of life on Earth. It led to the development of modern evolutionary biology and has had profound implications for various scientific disciplines, including genetics, ecology, and anthropology. Additionally, Darwin's theory has influenced societal perspectives on our place in the natural world and continues to be a topic of debate in discussions about science, religion, and ethics.

Neither.

Lamarckian evolution does not take place at all; almost all of his concepts are now known to be incorrect.

The population will still undergo mutation, and natural selection for beneficial mutations and against harmful ones will still occur.

Cnidarians are important to evolution as they are one of the earliest groups of animals to have evolved specialized tissues, such as nerve cells and muscles. This laid the foundation for the development of more complex animal forms. Additionally, their evolutionary success in diverse habitats demonstrates their adaptability and resilience, contributing to the overall diversity of life on Earth.

All theories are incomplete and never proven. They are the explanations for observations, laws, facts and experimentation. They can be added to and even overturned if now information comes to light. Darwin himself had a very poor mechanism for heredity that was overturned by Mendel's genetic discoveries.

Genetic variation, variation in alleles of genes, occurs both within and among populations. Genetic variation is important because it provides the "raw material" for natural selection.

Individuals with two recessive alleles have very high rates of reproduction.

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection predicts that species will change over time as individuals with favorable traits for survival and reproduction will be more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. This process leads to the gradual accumulation of adaptations that increase the species' fitness in its environment.

Well... BASICALLY... they aren't even in washing powder, washing powder consists of tiny women, with really small sponges, who clean, and then cover your clothes in not very nice smelling odurs. I hope this helped. Love 11YD1 Science.

During the mid-nineteenth century, Darwin's theory of evolution lacked understanding of the mechanisms of heredity, specifically the role of genetics and how traits are passed on from one generation to the next. Additionally, the concept of mutations as a source of genetic variation was unknown at that time. Furthermore, the scarcity of fossil evidence and the lack of understanding of Earth's geological history hindered Darwin's ability to provide a comprehensive timeline of evolutionary changes.

Various methods have been used to date the earth itself, particularly, but not limited to, various radiometric techniques.

In 1862, Lord Kelvin announced that he had calculated the time it would take the world to cool down from its molten state. He calculated that this was between 20 and 400 million years, but later refined his calculations to within the range 20 to 100 million years. With the subsequent discovery of radioactivity, it was soon realised that the uranium present in the earth could have prolonged its cooling for as long as necessary to harmonise with other methods.

In the early years of the twentieth century, Rutherford established the age of a rock as 500 million years, by measuring the amounts of radium and helium present. Strutt soon realised that some of the helium would have escaped as the rocks were crushed for analysis, leading to false short estimates of the ages of the rocks - they were really even older than the initial estimates.

In the late 1930s and early 1940s, using the new techniques and the world's most advanced mass spectromoter, Alfred Nier dated some rocks at up to 2570 million years old. Essentially all that was needed from now on was to find the oldest possible rocks on earth and calculate the time in which the earth's crust existed in a molten state before the rocks were formed. The oldest so far found on earth are zircon crystals found in Western Australia, that are more than 4.4 billion years old.

The oldest known solid constituents of meteorites formed within the solar system are 4.567 billion years old, giving a probable upper limit for the age of Earth.

Yes, atmospheric oxygen increased significantly after the evolution of photosynthetic prokaryotes, which began producing oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis around 3 billion years ago. This event, known as the Great Oxidation Event, led to the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere, making aerobic respiration possible for organisms and paving the way for the development of more complex life forms.