Israel

The British Mandate of Palestine was the only mandate with an Arab-Jewish controversy.

Israeli communities are called communities. If you're asking for the Hebrew word for community, it's kehillah (קהילה).

It is complex.

Israel won in terms of a military victory. They removed the various Palestinian militant camps that they intended to remove. However, it was a Jordanian and Palestinian propaganda victory because the Palestinian cause was vindicated for the first time.

Jerusalem is divided by the 1949 ceasefire lines between Israel and Jordan. Since Jordan has relegated its former West Bank territory to the State of Palestine, Jerusalem abuts both sovereign and recognized Israeli territory and what is claimed as sovereign Palestinian territory.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been ongoing since the mid-nineteen hundreds. It originated over land, borders and human rights. Religion is also deeply involved in the conflict. While peace agreements are the goal for these two territories, there is a deep mistrust between them.

Pephaps this linik could lead you in your search, I posted it in the related links box below.

Look for dr. Ayal Atias in Jerusalem, Pf. Slavin in Tel Aviv (More expensive).

Israel does not own the US or any other overseas territories.

Richard the Lionheart

The wording of this question is confusing. "Judah" was the name of the country and after Judah was conquered by the Assyrians, it never asserted independence again under that name. "Israel" is also confusing because Israel was the kingdom to the North of Judah whose inhabitants stopped associating themselves with that State by the time of the Persian Empire.

If your question means to say "When were the Judeans allowed to return to Canaan following the Babylonian Exile?" the answer is the 520s-510s BCE.

It reminded them of the virtue of humility

It reminded them not to neglect the oppressed (Deuteronomy 10:19)

It encouraged them to repent (Judges 2:1-4) and pray to God (Judges 3:9, 3:15, 6:6, 10:10).

Of course Israel can exist without the U.S.

While the United States helps and supports Israel, Israel can still exist without them.

When the United Nations passed Resolution 181, allocating territory to Jewish State and to an Arab State (Palestine), the Arabs rejected the plan leading to skirmishes between Jewish Militias and Arab Militias. In 1948, when the British announced the end of the Mandate, the Jewish Settlement used the opportunity and the legal avenue opened by Resolution 181 to declare a State (Israel). The day after, seven Arab armies from neighboring countries joined with the Arab Militias already operating. As the fighting progressed, Israel was able to repel the invaders and claim about 78% of British Mandate of Palestine as the grounds of their new state. The War is considered by most to be an Israeli Victory.

Throughout the fighting (from 1947-1949) numerous Palestinians were forced from their homes inside what would become Israeli territory. Other Palestinians left in fear that they too could be attacked and forced to leave. This climate of fear and and desire to leave was increased by Arab leaders who encouraged such activities claiming that it would get civilians out of the way while the fighting occurred. After the War and the elimination of Israel, the Palestinians would return without issue. This did not happen as Israel was victorious. Palestinians call this event (the overall war and removal from their homes) the Nakba or Great Catastrophe. Israel has refused the Right of Return for Palestinians claiming that if it did so, it would no longer have a Jewish majority, putting the entire purpose of a Jewish State in jeopardy.

5.89 times. Not including the deputed areas.

UK = 130,000 km2

Israel = 22,072 km2

Unfortunately much of Israel's borders are in dispute, so it is hard to give a size. Depending on your point of view Israel is between about 20,000km2 and 22,000km2.

I'll use an average of 21,000km2.

England is a country that, along with Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland makes up the UK, a sovereign state. It has an area of 130,000km2.

England is therefore about 6.2 times the size of Israel. Put another way Israel could fit inside England completely six times.

In order to be kosher, food has to be prepared according to the kosher-laws (see Deuteronomy ch.14). These are given in detail in the Talmud volume of Chullin.

* Meat must be from those land animals which have split hooves and chew their cud (such as beef and mutton)

* Fish have to have scales and fins. Shellfish are not kosher.

* Birds cannot be among those listed as forbidden in the Torah (Deuteronomy ch.14) and cannot be hunters/scavengers. In actual practice, today we eat only poultry-species concerning which we have a tradition that they're permitted, such as chicken and turkey.

* Animals must be slaughtered in the manner specified by Jewish law and must be free of all disease. In actual practice, those who keep kosher purchase meat which is certified as having been prepared in the kosher manner.

* As much blood as possible must be removed from meat before cooking, since consumption of blood is forbidden (Leviticus ch.17). This is done by the kosher butcher, through salting, soaking and rinsing.

* Dairy and meat cannot be combined in the same meal and there's a waiting period between eating one and then the other. After dairy: 1/2 hour. After meat: 6 hours for most Jewish communities.

* Fruits and vegetables should be checked to be sure they're free of bugs. Some Jews avoid cauliflower, asparagus, and the like, because of the difficulty in checking them.

Additionally, food must be prepared and handled following kashrut-laws and with kosher ingredients only. Any food that does not meet these requirements cannot be eaten by those who are religiously observant. Foods which are purchased should be labeled as having had kosher supervision during their processing.

Israel is one of the most Westernized countries in the middle east and women are treated slightly less equal than they are in westernized countries, such as the United States. Facts concerning the status of women in Israel Women in the Labor Force: In 2000, 45.44% of the labor force were women, of whom only 15.8% worked full time, compared to 34.1% of the men. The average monthly salary for women was 60.18% of men's wages. The average wage-per-hour was 80.5% of that of men. In the Arab sector, the participation of women in the labor force is significantly lower - only 22%, and the rate of unemployment is higher than in the Jewish population -11.7%. The average salary of Arab women is only 71% of that of Jewish women. In general, women work mostly in lower-paying jobs, in services, education, health, welfare and clerical positions, and are significantly less represented in prestigious and lucrative occupations such as hi-tech, management and engineering, Poverty: The economic gap between rich and poor has deepened during recent years. 16% of the women in Israel today live in poverty, compared to 14% of the men. The difference may lie in the fact that most single famlies are those of single women. Violence against women continues to be a serious problem, ranging from domestic violence, sexual violence, sexual harassment, incest, trafficking in women for prostitution and honor-killing or femicide (mostly in the Muslim sector). It is estimated that about 200,000 women are suffering from domestic violence. At present there are 13 shelters for abused women and their families which during 2000, sheltered some 715 women and 882 children. There is also one hostel for battering and violent husbands. In recent years, minimum punishment for sex offenders and perpetrators of domestic violence was legislated. A recent bill, which makes reporting of domestic violence mandatory, is in the process of evaluation. In 1991, the Domestic Violence Prevention Law was enacted, empowering family courts to issue protective orders against violent spouses. In 1998, Israel adopted a comprehensive Sexual Harrasment Prevention Law, which defines sexual harrassment, makes it a criminal offence and also cause for a civil suit against the perpetrator and his employer. Education: Measured by years of schooling in the Jewish population, there is no educational gap between men and women. But many more boys study in the technical tracks that prepares them for well-earning professions. Among non-Jewish groups there is a slight difference between men and women in years of schooling, which is, however, closing swiftly. In the Bedouin community, there is a high drop-out rate for girls. While 57% of all academic degrees are earned by women, and 46% of the doctoral students are women, only 22% of senior faculty members and 7.8% of full professors are women. Health: Israel ranks among the leading nations in term of the health of its population. However, there are significant health differences between men and women that reflect the relatively disadvantaged status of women in society. For example, the basket of services covered by the National Health Insurance (which became effective in 1995) does not include papsmears, mammography, contraceptives and bone density scans. In 1998, life expectancy at birth was 80.3 years for women and 76.1 years for Jewish men. The life expectancy of non-Jewish women was 77.7. The leading cause of death for women is heart disease, followed by cancer. Breast cancer incidence in Jewish women is among the highest in the world: one out of eight women will contract the disease in the course of her life. Women and the Armed Forces: Although service in the IDF is compulsory for both men and women, inequality does exist. The exclusion of women from many military professions and all combat units guaranteed that the highest positions were closed to them. In 2000, Israel's Parliament adopted an amendment to the Security Service Law, opening all military professions to women. Recently, this change has met with strong objections from religious institutions and politicians. [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/8/The%20Advancement%20of%20the%20Status%20of%20Women%20-%20Israel%2020]

September, 1995

I thought it was, but I appear to be wrong. "In 63 BC, when the Roman general Pompey placed the region under Roman control, he rebuilt Gadara and made it one of the semi-autonomous cities of the Roman Decapolis, and a bulwark against Nabataean expansion. But in 30 BC the Roman emperor Augustus placed it under the control of the Jewish king Herod. The historian Josephus relates that after King Herod's death in 4 BC Gadara was made part of the Roman province of Syria."
1. Josephus Antiquities, XVII, xi, 4; Josephus, Bellum Judaicum, II, vi, 3.

Namal Ashdod and Hifa.

Yes. Kuwait does not recognize the State of Israel and only recognizes the validity of a Palestinian State. However, Kuwait has avoided giving large amounts of money to either side of the conflict.

does anyone know???

The Golan Heights dispute has nothing at all to do with Spain.

The Golan Heights is officially Syrian territory that Syrians held until 1967 when they lost it to Israel in the Six-Day War. Syria has been campaigning ever since to get the Golan Heights back from Israel. Israel, however, has (by its own laws) annexed the territory and shows little if any intent on returning it to Syria.

The United States supported Israel in the 1973 Yom Kippur War providing tanks, aircraft and arms, while the Soviet Union supported the Arab armies.

5773 will begin on Sunday evening, September 16, 2012. Israel uses both the secular and the Hebrew calendar.

The first day of Winter in Israel is December 21.