Microprocessors

The CPU or "Computerized Processing Unit" is used for dealing with all data on a computer. This can be from saving a file to browsing the web. The CPU works in hand with the GPU to keep everything running.

Hyperthreading has to be enabled or disabled in the BIOS.

The Central Processing Unit or the CPU coordinates all the functions of a computer, CPU is not the big metal box sitting next to the monitor its a small IC on the motherboard which is covered by the fan(heat sink). The Intel Pentium 4 processor, Intel dual core processor, AMD athlon processors are all examples of CPU

The most gaping advantage can be very easilly explained through example:

Single core processors have a single thread, and can process a single set of instructions per clock cycle. This looks like this (Saying this processor can process 2 instructions a clock):

(Note this is in an optimal setting where data is perfectly threaded)

Clock 1: Instruction 1; Instruction 2;

Clock 2: Instruction 3; Instruction 4;

Clock 3: Instruction 5; Instruction 6;

Clock 4: Instruction 7; Instruction 8;

Dual-Core processing would do this same instruction set much quicker:

Clock 1: Instruction 1; Instruction 2; Instruction 3; Instruction 4

Clock 2: Instruction 5; Instruction 6; Instruction 7; Instruction 8

In a perfectly threaded application, two equivilent-performance cores on a dual core processor would power through the work twice as quickly as a single-core model. A quad-core with these specs would do the entire instruction set in a single clock.

Even if it isn't always a 2x increase, multiple-core procesors have a distinct advantage in a very large range of applications.

the evolution of microprocessors has been broadly divided into 4 generations.

first generation microprocessors-

the first generation of microprocessors were introduced in 1971-1973. they used monolithic IC and P-MOS technology. This technology has slow speed, not supported with TTL. Due to the lack of pins, signals has to be multiplexed.

Example-4004 & 4040

Second generation microprocessors-

these microprocessors were introduced in 1973-1978. they were designed using N-MOS technology. faster speed and higher density packaging than P-MOS technology. it had more powerful instruction set, ability to handle large memory space and had better interrupt handling capability.

Example-8080 & 8085

Third generation microprocessors-

these were introduced between 1978-1980. They were basically 16 bit processor and were made by using H-MOS technology. It had flexible input-output port addresses.

Example- 8 bit-8086

16 bit- 80286, 80386 & 80486.

Fourth generation microprocessor-

these were introduced after 1980. It had 2kb main memory, 16 mb physical memory, 1 tb virtual memory for enhancing speed.

Example- celeron and further invented processors.

one ghz represent 1 billion cycle per second.....the speed of microprocessor called clock speed ...each computer instruction require a fixed number of cycles...so clock speed determine how many instruction per second the microprocessor can execute....

A core is a very small magnetic toroid, or doughnut. It can be magnetized in one direction or the other, so it represents one bit of memory. Core is also the term for the array of cores that make up main memory.

Very few computers use core anymore, as it is old, slow technology. Some people still refer to core, however, when they mean main memory. One advantage of core was that it was non-volatile, retaining its state through a power off state, but moderm memory does that as well with batteries and various "save to disc" strategies.

A memory cache, sometimes called a cache store or RAM cache, is a portion of memory made of high-speed static RAM (SRAM) instead of the slower and cheaper dynamic RAM (DRAM) used for main memory. Memory caching is effective because most programs access the same data or instructions over and over. By keeping as much of this information as possible in SRAM, the computer avoids accessing the slower DRAM.

Short for Level 1 cache, a memory cache built into the microprocessor.

Short for Level 2 cache, cache memory that is external to the microprocessor. In general, L2 cache memory, also called the secondary cache, resides on a separate chip from the microprocessor chip.

As more and more processors begin to include L2 cache into their architectures, Level 3 cache is now the name for the extra cache built into motherboards between the microprocessor and the main memory.

the l2 cache is now always built onto the processor for x86 archetechure

the accumulator is an 8-bit register then is part of the arithmetic/logic unit(ALU). this register is used to store to store 8-bit data and to perform arithmetic & logical operation. the result of an operation is stored in the accumulator. the accumulator is also identified as register A.

Some Cpu's that use Socket A are Athlon Xp, Athlon Mp, Athlon Model 4

The Macbook Pro comes with an 2.5GHz Dual-core Intel Core i5, Turbo Boost up to 3.1GHz. Optional is the 2.9GHz Dual-core Intel Core i7, Turbo Boost up to 3.6GHz for $150 more.

The Macbook Air has a 1.4GHz Dual-Core Intel Core i5, Turbo Boost up to 2.7GHz with optional 1.7GHz Dual-Core Intel Core i7, Turbo Boost up to 3.3GHz for $150 more. The Macbook Pro with Retina display comes with 2.8GHz Dual-core Intel Core i7, Turbo Boost up to 3.5GHz and optional 3.0GHz Dual-core Intel Core i7, Turbo Boost up to 3.5GHz.

This is called Moore's Law.

IT IS ON WINDOWS 7 AND WINDOWS VISTA IT IS CALLED vvoice speech recognition

ALU is primarily responsible for arithmetic and logical calculations and is not responsible for all the activities inside the processor. e.g. many processors have inbuilt memory controllers which interface with memory or bus drivers, bus arbiters all of which will be performing autonomous functions and will be interfacing with various sub modules through data or control signals. ------- A processor contains three basic components; an input/output unit, a control unit, and ALU's. The control unit manages all activities inside the processor itself. -----

we can use word processor to compose, format, sort and rearrange text upon command and sometimes perform other related functions such as correcting misspelled words.we can also create personalized computer letters.

It's sequential (or serial) access. The records are written one after the other (as if in a line or queue) and in order to find one the tape must be fast-forwarded or rewound as appropriate until the beginning of the record is found.

Yes, it has 2 cores running at 2 GHz a peice. The info below was taken directly from Intel.

Essentials Status Launched Launch Date Q1'09 Processor Number T4200 # of Cores 2 Clock Speed 2 GHz L2 Cache 1 MB FSB Speed 800 MHz FSB Parity Instruction Set 64-bit Embedded Supplemental SKU Lithography 45 nm Max TDP 35 W

All of it. A CPU is an integrated circuit. You need to understand electronics to fully understand how such a thing works.

Some of the latest ICT hardware include VOIP equipment and Wireless radio internet communication infrastructure such as WiMAX. WiMAX ensures that areas with little cable coverage can still access internet at high speeds.

Microprocessor Architecture is the design of Processor's functioning. It defines how devices are controlled, Execution of Data, Physical connectivity between units & components on the Processor.

It depends on what kind of damage the motherboard has lived through.

A new motherboard is not that expensive, so you should buy a new one if you don't know what you are doing. And are you sure that it's the motherboard and not a virus on your harddisk?

EDIT:

After all that nonsence... AS of 2012 um... july 25

For the alienware m18x....

3rd Generation Intel® Core™ i7-3920XM (8MB Cache, up to 4.1GHz Overclocked*)

That would burn the whole battery in 1 hr so better have a desktop intead...

It would also cost 1.5k so better have the desktop....