Spectroscopy

I know that copper burns blue / green; so that would give you one color combination. So it would obviously depend on the level of different metals, sulfurs, etc in the make-up of the metal. There rarely is a 'pure' metal.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy is highly sensitive and can detect even trace amounts of elements in a sample. It is a widely-used technique in various industries such as environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, and food testing due to its accuracy and precision. Additionally, it is a simple and relatively inexpensive method compared to other analytical techniques.

The principle of FTIR is based on the fact that bonds and groups of bonds vibrate at characteristic frequencies. A molecule that is exposed to infrared rays absorbs infrared energy at frequencies which are characteristic to that molecule. In a molecule, the differences of charges in the electric fields of its atoms produce the dipole moment of the molecule. Molecules with a dipole moment allow infrared photons to interact with the molecule causing excitation to higher vibrational states. Diatomic molecules do not have a dipole moment since the electric fields of their atoms are equal. During FTIR analysis, a spot on the specimen is subjected to a modulated IR beam. The specimen's transmittance and reflectance of the infrared rays at different frequencies is translated into an IR absorption plot consisting of reverse peaks. The resulting FTIR spectral pattern is then analyzed and matched with known signatures of identified materials in the FTIR library.

Sound waves are created by the vibrations of an object, which cause compressions (regions of high pressure) and rarefactions (regions of low pressure) in the surrounding medium, such as air. As the object vibrates, it pushes and pulls on the air molecules, creating alternating areas of high and low pressure that travel through the medium as sound waves.

In FT-IR, an interferometer is used to collect a spectrum. This interferometer has a source, a beam splitter, two mirrors, a laser, and a detector. One part of the beam is transmitted to a moving mirror and the other is reflected to a fixed mirror. In Dispersive-IR, there is also a source and mirrors, but the source energy is sent though a sample and a reference path, through a chopper to moderate energy that goes to the detector, and directed to a diffraction grating. The diffraction grating separates light into separate wavelengths and each wavelength is measured individually.

The densitometer uses a light bulb. When turned on the bulb emits light that passes thru a filter placed upon a spot of color. The current is known to light the bulb. When the densitometer is used the light is energized over a patch of color, the light passes thru the color to the base material and is reflected back thru the lense to a sensor that converts the light to eletrical current. The densitomiter measures the difference in current from the output of the light and the return and computes a value that becomes the density value

Grating constant refers to the distance between adjacent lines on a diffraction grating, which plays a crucial role in determining the wavelengths of light that will constructively interfere when passing through the grating. It is usually denoted by the symbol 'd' and is measured in units of length (e.g., nanometers, micrometers).

A brown color is a color

combination of red, orange and green--those colors are not adjacent

in the visible colors of a rainbow so they do not combine to form

a visible brown. The colors which normally make up the BROWN color,

however, ARE ALL PRESENT in a rainbow, but are not present in the color

combination we call brown.

Note: I found this statement in the Ask a Scientist Physics Archive at

http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/phy99/phy99125.htm On a computer or TV display, brown is generated as a sort of dim yellow or orange.

The simplest way is to pass a white beam through a triangular prism; the different wavelengths refract at different angles and create a rainbow. Another way would be to pass the beam through a diffraction grating; each wavelength will have maxima at different distances, making a white spot in the centre and many rainbows away from it.

A washerman uses indigo because it is known to have whitening properties that can help brighten and whiten white clothes. Indigo can also help to neutralize yellowing or dinginess in the fabric, resulting in a cleaner appearance.

The optical diffraction limit refers to the physical limit on the resolution of an optical system, defined by the diffraction of light as it passes through an aperture. It sets a boundary on the smallest resolvable features in an image produced by an optical system. Efforts to improve resolution beyond the diffraction limit have led to advancements in techniques such as super-resolution microscopy.

This research involves using modern techniques to study the behavior of perturbative amplitudes in N4 supersymmetric theories. By re-evaluating the ultraviolet properties of multi-loop N8 supergravity using twistor theory, researchers aim to gain insight into the ultraviolet behavior of this theory and potentially uncover new insights or connections in supersymmetric theories. Overall, this approach may provide a deeper understanding of the underlying structure of these theories and contribute to ongoing developments in theoretical physics.

If light didn't reflect off objects, you wouldn't be able to see them. Mirrors are used as coherent reflectors of received light. Mirrors can be used in periscopes to see around corners, or just on their own to see what one looks like.

It is one tool that you can use. It is more for examining light and its properties, than for simple observation of stars, which you would use a telescope or binoculars for. It can be used to specifically examine the light to try and find out more about the stars and what they consist of.

A spectroscope is most commonly used to analyze the light emitted or absorbed by a substance, enabling scientists to identify elements, compounds, or molecules present based on their unique spectral lines. This helps in various fields such as astronomy, chemistry, and environmental science for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Fundamentally it is the frequency. When light travels into a medium like glass the speed and wavelength can decrease but the frequency and color do not change. If light does not pass thru different mediums then it is safe to talk about its color in terms of either frequency or wavelength (one is inversely proportional to the other by speed of light = frequency x wavelength) but fundamentally one would use frequency.

e- absorb energy and move to an orbital of higher energy. Falls back down to lower energylevels

releasing the energy. The lines result from the fact that e-'s can only have discrete/quantized energy

levels, they cannot have intermediate energy levels.

i believe it is under it but i know its not directly at it because as light enters or leaves the water (which is denser than air) it is bent slightly

false think about it Sola power from the light of the sun

Unless you're truly nitpicky, there's no real difference at least in the way the terms are used these days.

Historically, the endings make reference to slightly different processes -- Photography vs photometry is about collecting the light vs measuring it; however spectrometry pretty much had to collect photons from the beginning so the line between the two is blurred.

Outside light-measurements, the -metry ending appears more common in practice (as in "mass-spectrometer") but there, too, usage is not always consistent.

BTW there's a third term, spectrography, which is also used mostly interchangably with the other two these days.

(Note that there are in principle IUPAC norms and any one peer-reviewed journal may just have an editor that is hidebound enough to care about such subtle distinctions -- however using any one of the terms will generally be perfectly understood by any practicioner in any of the various fields and a quick scan of the titles of presentations at the last meeting of the American Physical Society shows a fairly even distributions of the terms even in reference to the same experiment).

This is known as a frequency comb, where the spectral lines are evenly spaced. It has applications in optical metrology, precision spectroscopy, and time/frequency standards. Frequency combs can be generated using methods such as mode-locked lasers or electro-optic modulation.

On a microscope with the usual 3-lens turret it is usual to use the objective lens with the lowest magnification to first examine your specimen.

This gives a wider overall view of the subject, and will allow you to choose the particular detail that best suits your study. You may then move on to a higher magnification, if necessary, to study finer detail.

If you started with the highest magnification, your fine focus will be uncertain, and you risk the front of the objective lens coming into contact with the sample slide. This could damage your specimen, and may damage the front of the lens.

The formula for kinematics can be expressed as:

[v = u + at] [s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2] [v^2 = u^2 + 2as]

Where:

• (v) is the final velocity,
• (u) is the initial velocity,
• (a) is the acceleration,
• (t) is the time, and
• (s) is the displacement.