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Abstract Algebra

Have you ever wondered what would happen if you redefined some of the basic rules of algebra so that concepts you took for granted, like AB = BA, no longer apply? Abstract algebra does just that through the study of the properties that define algebraic structures. Post all questions about fields, rings, group theory, vector spaces, and the axioms that define them into this category.

1,849 Questions

Is it possible to have in a subset S from the set of Real numbers a finite number of upperbounds and yet have no least upperbound?

Let me rephrase it. You mean take a bounded subset of real numbers, S, and find a subset of all the upperbounds of S, say D, such that sup S is not in D?

If I get you right, then yes.

Take D := {a : a = sup s + n, n is natural and n < 4} so the first element is sup s + 1 > sup s, and the remaining two terms are even larger than the first one.

But I think I got you wrong, go through the Completeness Axiom.

That is for any two set A and B such that for all a in A, b in B, a <= b, and they share a maximum of one element, then there exist at least one number x such that a <= x <= b

In particular, A have a supremum, sup A <= x and B have an infimum inf B > = x

sup A <= inf B if they are equal then they must be x.

What is value of Browning 16 Serial X8080?

The gun with this serial number was made in 1947. The value depends on whether it is a Sweet 16 or a Standard weight 16. Check the link below for information on pricing Browning Auto-5 16's.

In group theory what is a group generator?

In abstract algebra, a generating set of a group Gis a subset S such that every element of G can be expressed as the product of finitely many elements of S and their inverses.

More generally, if S is a subset of a group G, then <S>, the subgroup generated by S, is the smallest subgroup of G containing every element of S, meaning the intersection over all subgroups containing the elements of S; equivalently, is the subgroup of all elements of G that can be expressed as the finite product of elements in S and their inverses.

If G = , then we say S generatesG; and the elements in S are called generators or group generators. If S is the empty set, then <S> is the trivial group {e}, since we consider the empty product to be the identity.

When there is only a single element x in S, <S> is usually written as <x>. In this case, <x> is the cyclic subgroup of the powers of x, a cyclic group, and we say this group is generated by x. Equivalent to saying an element x generates a group is saying that it has order |G|, or that <x> equals the entire group G.

My source is linked below.

What is the value of a 1944 walther p38 9015c ac44?

You have not provided enough information to answer the question with any accuracy. First, condition is all important. Also, although ac44 is a Walther code, a subcontractor also marked ac44 on slides. Your serial number leaves open the possibility yours is a Mauser build example with a subcontractor slide.

Assuming you have an ordinary Walther example, that it has matching serial numbers, and its condition is excellent, its value, in my opinion, is in the neighborhood of $600 to $700. There may be some variation depending upon where you are from; I am in the Northeast US.

If you are interested in a more comprehensive answer, suggest you post your question with pictures on p38forum.com.

Best regards

Marc

What is a value?

val·ue (văl'yū) pronunciation

n.

1. An amount, as of goods, services, or money, considered to be a fair and suitable equivalent for something else; a fair price or return.

2. Monetary or material worth: the fluctuating value of gold and silver.

3. Worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor; utility or merit: the value of an education.

4. A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable: "The speech was a summons back to the patrician values of restraint and responsibility" (Jonathan Alter).

5. Precise meaning or import, as of a word.

6. Mathematics. An assigned or calculated numerical quantity.

7. Music. The relative duration of a tone or rest.

8. The relative darkness or lightness of a color.

9. Linguistics. The sound quality of a letter or diphthong.

10. One of a series of specified values: issued a stamp of new value.

tr.v., -ued, -u·ing, -ues.

1. To determine or estimate the worth or value of; appraise.

2. To regard highly; esteem. See synonyms at appreciate.

3. To rate according to relative estimate of worth or desirability; evaluate: valued health above money.

4. To assign a value to (a unit of currency, for example).

Above retrieved from Answers.com

Viper1

__________

a value is a belief that something is important and worthwhile

What is the value of model 12 serial number 246710?

You can't value anything with just a serial number. Who made it? What condition is it in? Is it a hand gun or a long gun?

What is the matrix's in oder?

Restate the question: "What is the order of a matrix?"

The order of a matrix tells the number of rows and columns in the matrix. For instance, a matrix with 3 rows and 4 columns is a 3x4 matrix ("three by four").

A square matrix has the same number of rows and columns: 2x2

Is every group whose order is less than or equal to 4 a cyclic group?

Yes.

The only group of order 1 is the trivial group containing only the identity element. All groups of orders 2 or 3 are cyclic since 2 and 3 are both prime numbers. Therefore, any group of order less than or equal to four must be a cyclic group.

Value of 1965 corvair?

Check: KBB.com Autotrader.com Nada.com As my auto shop teacher once said, "Even a 1965 Corvair is somebody's baby." There are collectors for niche cars like Corvairs, Vegas, Pintos--look for car clubs (there are clubs for every car ever made), "Hemmings Motor News," in whatever incarnation it's now in is a good place to start.

What is the value of a 1917 Remington 300?

Do you mean a Pattern 1917 rifle that has been rechambered to one of the .300 cartridges (and if so, which?)? sales@countrygunsmith.net

What is the value of a US 10.00 from 1929?

You'll need to check the issuing bank. Bills from Dallas retail for $500 to $800 in average condition. Bills from other banks are worth only $15 to $35.

Is Vilgax of Ben 10 stronger than Gorrath of Megasxlr?

vilgax is stronger because he survived fighting all of ben 10's heroes and escaped the no voyd dimension.

What are the advantages of De Morgan's laws?

De Morgan's laws concisely relate the AND and OR logical operators to each other in terms of each other's negation.

Why is the rate of chage 0?

I assume you are asking about using differentiation. In this case, where dy-by-dx=0, there is a stationary point on the graph i.e. where the gradient is equal to 0.

What is the difference between arithmetic and algebra?

Arithmetic: The mathematics of integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Algebra: A branch of mathematics in which symbols, usually letters of the alphabet, represent numbers or members of a specified set and are used to represent quantities and to express general relationships that hold for all members of the set.

How can you define algebra?

Algebra is a part of mathematics in which unknown quantities are found with the help of relations between the known and the unknown

Look in a dictionary for better definition

Maths Dictionary can be purchased in www.scholastic.com

What digit will used most?

According to Benford's law, the first digit is most likely to be 1.

Benford's law for the first digit states that the probability of digit, d, is

log10(1 + 1/d) where d = 1, 2, ... , 9. [0 cannot be the leading digit].

This gives the probability of 1 as 30.1%.

The distribution becomes more uniform as the number of digits in the representation of numbers is increased but since we usually truncate numbers to a few digits, the state of uniformity is not always reached.

What properties must a relation have for it to be called a ''partial ordering''?

For a relation, $, to be called a partial ordering on a set, S, the following three properties must be met:

1) If T is any subset of S, then T $ T.

2) If T and U are any two subsets of S that meet the condition T $ U as well as the condition U $ T, then T = U.

3) If T, U, and V are any three subsets of S that meet the condition T $ U as well as the condition U $ V, then T $ V.

For the relation, $, to be called a total ordering on the set, S, the following statement must hold in addition to the previous three:

If T and U are any two subsets of S, then either T $ U or U $ T.

This final property is called totality.

For an example of a partial ordering relation, see the related link on "less than or equal to."

Also, see the corresponding related link for the definition of "relation."

Why is it that the students failed in Mathematics?

The most common reason is because when the student go home he/she doesn't continue there studies there.