Ancient Greece

yes greek city_stated did often fight amongs themselves

an atom

6

The sea battle was Salamis, it was not the Athenians, it was a combined Greek fleet which included the Athenian navy.

"The large shield used by the Greeks was an excellent defense as it could stop most weapons of its time. In addition, its weight made it a dangerous weapon. A thrust forward with the shield could knock an opponent down, setting him up for a kill with any of the attacker's weapons. A strike from the shield's edge was deadly, as it could break bones and fatally fracture the skull." ~ Wikipedia

A Spartan mother's parting words to her son as he left for battle were "Come home bearing your shield, or on it." This quote is found in Plutarch's Moralia, a collection of morals, tales, and short stories, in a section called Sayings of Spartan Women. While this may indicate another use for the shield as a stretcher, it is more likely that the family would simply want the valuable large shield back.

Ephors were the five senior magistrates in Sparta.

It created a widespread blending of cultures.

Greek breastplates, known as thoraxes, were primarily used as protective armor in battle. They were designed to shield the torso from weapons such as swords and arrows, providing vital protection to soldiers during combat. Made from materials like bronze or leather, these breastplates were often elaborately decorated, reflecting the wearer's status and enhancing their appearance in addition to their practical function. Overall, they were essential for the safety and effectiveness of Greek warriors in warfare.

Under the instruction of Lord Duveen, the Elgin Marbles undergo regular cleaning. This 'cleaning' maybe the cause of the damage as it is under a great deal of controversy.

It may be that the tools they use to clean them with are the cause of the damage.

War means loss of manpower - and of course it is the fittest males who die. This was not always a negative, as an excess of young men meant that there was no land for them to farm - the family farms were too small to subdivide, and these landless became a sub-class with the resultant internal strife which comes from the alienated propertyless. It is for that reason the cities sent out colonies around the Mediterranean and Black Sea littorals - they could be allotted land and become citizens of the new city.

But of course, the winner of war may well be strengthened - by gaining additional territory and plunder. States usually fight because of advantage to be gained, so there are winners and losers.

It was only in such wars as the Peloponnesian War that the devastation was widespread, and eventually led to the ascendancy of Macedonia over the city-states weakened by a century of widespread war.

Hermes

Heros are demigods and that means that they are half god and half human. So the gods are their parents.

the Peloponnesus.

yes

Sparta lead generals were Eurybiades and Pausanias. Athens lead generals were Miltiades. Themistocles, Xanthippos. Cimon.

Umm, the Olympics?

The sporting events to show physical excellence, which was considered by Greeks to be the closest you could get to being a god. The gods lived on Mt. Olympus, hence the name: Olympics.

Ther-mop'-il-eye'

Both states had limited democracies - with citizens being adult males who voted during assemblies on motions put before them.

For a short period Athens had a radical democracy, with the citizens voting on issues each fortnight, a councilt carrying out their decisions, and juries deciding on law cases.

Ephialtes of Trachis told the persians about a hidden path behind the mountains.

greece is located west of asia minor.

In Roman culture only the very wealthy were allowed to wear togas. A toga required the use of one hand when walking. This meant that the person wearing the toga could not do manual labor.

The Trojan War in Greek mythology, war between the Greeks and the people of Troy. The strife began after the Trojan prince Paris abducted Helen, wife of Menelaus of Sparta. When Menelaus demanded her return, the Trojans refused. Menelaus then persuaded his brother Agamemnon to lead an army against Troy. At Aulis, troopships gathered, led by the greatest Greek heroes–Achilles, Patroclus, Diomed, Odysseus, Nestor, and the two warriors named Ajax. In order to win favorable winds for the journey, Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to Artemis. The winds came and the fleet set sail for Troy. For nine years the Greeks ravaged Troy's surrounding cities and countryside, but the city itself, well fortified and commanded by Hector and other sons of the royal household, held out. Finally the Greeks built a large hollow wooden horse in which a small group of warriors were concealed. The other Greeks appeared to sail for home, leaving behind only the horse and Sinon, who deceitfully persuaded the Trojans, despite the warnings of Cassandra and Laocoön, to take the horse within the city walls. At night the Greeks returned; their companions crept out of the horse and opened the city gates, and Troy was destroyed. The gods took great interest in the war. Poseidon, Hera, and Athena aided the Greeks, while Aphrodite and Ares favored the Trojans. Zeus and Apollo, although frequently involved in the action of the war, remained impartial. The events of the final year of the war constitute the main part of the Iliad of Homer. The Trojan War probably reflected a real war (c.1200 ) between the invading Greeks and the people of Troas, possibly over control of trade through the Dardanelles.

Alexander held Greek culture to be superior and civilising, and he was determined to spread it through the Persian Emoire as a unifying factor when he took it over.

It's adoption was superficial, taken up by the upper and commercial classes as it was spread through his empire after his death. The mass of the population continued on their own culture.

Pericles was a prominent Athenian statesman and general during the Golden Age of Athens, particularly noted for his role in advancing democracy and cultural flourishing. He oversaw the construction of the Parthenon and other significant architectural projects on the Acropolis, enhancing Athens' cultural legacy. Additionally, Pericles implemented reforms that expanded the democratic process, allowing greater participation by Athenian citizens in government. His leadership during the early part of the Peloponnesian War also shaped Athenian strategy and identity.

Metropolis.