Ancient Rome

Claudius and the Nero

It is Romania. This name was originally used as one of the names for the Byzantine Empire. The term Byzantine was coined by the German historian Hieronymus Wolf in 1557. It has been used ever since by historians to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part of this empire. The eastern part was not affected by the invasions which led to the demise of the western part and continued to exist for nearly 1,000 years. The people of this empire did not use the term Byzantine. They called their empire Roman Empire, Romania or Rhomais. The Name Romania (land of the Romans) was popular and was used mainly unofficially. Later, the people who lived in the areas of what was to become Romania adopted this name.

In the Middle Ages the terms Vlah or Wallach were used to indicate the people who lived in Wallachia (in southern Romania) and Moldova. These terms were used by German and Slavonic peoples to indicate all Latin speakers. The people of Wallachia called themselves Romans. They identified themselves with the Latin word Romanus (Roman), which in their language became Roman. This was first recorded by Italians and Frenchmen who travelled to Walachia, Moldova and Transylvania (present day eastern and central Romania). In 1532, the Italian humanist Francesco delle Valle wrote that the language of these peoples was similar to Italian and they claimed that they came to live in these lands from ancient Rome. In 1574, the French traveller Pierre Lescalopier wrote: "The whole of the country of Wallachia and Moldova and most of Transylvania was populated by Roman colonies in the days of the Roman emperor Trajan. This people say that they are the true successors of the Romans and they called their parlance romanechte; that is, Roman."

Romanian (like Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese) is a Romance language; that is, a language derived from Vulgar Latin, a mixture of Latin and local languages which developed in parallel with Classical Latin.

An early 19th century Wallachian revolutionary leader, Tudor Vladimirescu (c. 1780-1821) used the term Rumania to refer exclusively to the principality of Wallachia. This was because he led a rebellion which occurred exclusively in this principality. The name Romania to refer to the common homeland of all Romanians emerged in the early 19th century. It came in official use in 1861.

Wallachia and Moldova were both under the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire. The Greek War on independence (1821-32) against the rule of the Ottoman Turks included rebellions in the principality of Wallachia and the principality of Moldova. The Great Powers (Britain, France and Russia) intervened if favour of the insurgents and defeated the Ottoman Turks. In 1857 the Great Powers held a referendum in Wallachia and Moldavia which showed that the people wanted the union of the two lands. In 1858 the Great Powers decided that the two countries were to become The United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, but they had to have separate institutions. However, in 1859 both Wallachia and Moldova elected the same man as their prince. This begun a process of unification of these two lands and the beginning of the creation of Romania. Full national unity was achieved after WWI when Transylvania Bucovina (a small area north of Transylvania), which had been under the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Bessarabia (which was the eastern part of Moldavia and had been given to the Russian Empire in 1812) became part of Romania.

The price of sandals fluctuated. They could cost as little as one or two denarii

for used sandals, all the way up to the empress's' sandals which could be jewel encrusted and be worth hundreds.

The Latin term for king is rex. The term Roman emperors has been coined by historians. The Romans did not use it. They said princeps of called them by the titles Caesar and Augustus.

Some of them used pillows. The Romans were very peaceful. Others used cow testicles. But the vast majority of Romans used M1 abrams tanks.

The earliest Roman currency was not actually a coin. It was the aes rude (rough bronze). These were irregularly shaped pieces of bronze which needed to be weighed each time.

Toward the end of the 4th century BC the Romans used the aes signatum (signed bronze), flat bronze bars which were heavily leaded, had different weights and a design on one sides and later on both sides.

Coinage had been spread around the Mediterranean by the Greeks. In the early 3rccentury, with Rome's increased contact with the rest of the Mediterranean the Romans adopted a coinage system, the aes grave (heavy bronze). These were heavy cast leaded bronze coins and were rather crude. The standard was the as. There were other coins which were fractions of one as: theSemis

, Quincunx, Triens, Quadrans, Sextans, Uncia and Semuncia. Later in that century nine more coins were introduced.

The Roman Catholic church survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Orthodox Church survived the fall of the Byzantine Empire.

The Byzantine empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire.

No. At first it had kings (there were seven of them) for 144 years. Then it had a republic for 482 years which was headed by two annually elected consuls. After that it had Emperors for 503 years. Augustus being the first. Also the Senators had a lot of power during the republic. Under the rule by emperors they become instruments for the emperor's exercise of power.

Greek influence extended as far north as thrace and modern-day northern balkans, as far east as Arabia and anatolia and turkey, as far south as North africa, modern-day libya, and as far west as Italy and southern france, greek colonists inhabited southern italy Until the foundation of rome by Aenis the Trojan, a greek, before so Most cultures and civilizations in italy where influenced by the greeks and had a hellenic culture, throughout its life Rome would be in contact with the greek world, one of the first direct contacts with the greeks would occur in 390 BC In the Pyrrhic wars. after the pyrrhic war and by the time of the Punic war roman society would largely model itself after the greek world

They formed a republic to stop people from rebelling against the monarch. ( so they formed a new type of government called a republic)

Because he was in a war.

Rome lies between the Apennine Mountains (a mountain chain that runs along the Italian peninsula) and the sea, 26 kilometres/16 miles from the coast.

Rome lies in a hilly area. The original city was on seven of these hills: the Palatine, Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, and Aventine.

In the valley between the first four mentioned hills there was the Forum, or Forum Magnum (this is how the Romans called it, Roman Forum is a modern term). In the valley between the Palatine and Aventine there was the Circus Maximus, the city's largest track for horse and chariot races. The Colosseum was built between the Eqsuiline, Caelian and Palatine hills.

Rome is on the river Tiber, by the only ford in this river. This made Rome in her early days the main north-south communication centre across this river. The Romans built a Port on the river near the Palatine and Aventine hills (Portus Tiberinus).

Over time, Rome expanded north of the seven hills in a flat area they called Campus Martius (the field of mars) between the river and another hill, the Pincian Hill. This areas is now the city centre of the modern city.

Part of Rome was on the other bank of the river, along the Janiculum and Vatican hills, which are by the river. The city expanded to an area south of these hills which is now called Trastevere. This area became an area of immigrants.

The city also expanded to the south of the seven hills. In this area there are the famous baths of Caracalla, which were the city's second largest baths.

The main legacies of the Romans are religion, the alphabet, language, law and art.

Christianity developed from a religion among a small group of Jews (who lived in Judea, which was part of the Roman Empire) into a mass religion in the Roman days. It spread around the Roman Empire. It became the state religion. Catholic Christianity and Orthodox Christianity developed during the Later Roman Empire. They were originally called Latin or Western Christianity and Greek or Eastern Christianity respectively. The former was the main religion in the western part of the Roman Empire and the latter was the main religion in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.

Western European languages have adopted and adapted the Latin alphabet. The only letters in the English language which do not come from the Latin alphabet are J, U and W.

Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian are languages derived from Latin (romance languages). Many Latin words have entered English via two routes. One was that Latin was the language of the church in the Middle Ages. The other was the Norman conquest of England. French became the court language and many French words entered into the English language. These words are usually of Latin origin.

Many international words in medicine, law and theology are Latin.

The key principles of Roman civil law have provided the foundation or an inspiration for the law of many modern countries. These are: citizenship status and citizenship rights, equality under the law, the right to have a proper trial and to defend oneself, the right to appeal, that the burden of proof rests on the accuser and not on the accused, that it is the exact form of actions and not intentions or words which is punishable, and that a law deemed unreasonable or unfair can be repealed.

The Romans influenced European architecture, sculpture and painting until the early 20th century. They influenced the art of the Renaissance (14th-15th century) Baroque (17th-18th century) and Neoclassicism (18th-20th century, and is still sometimes used today). Palladian architecture was also based on Roman architecture. It was popular from the 17th century to the 20th century and was often used for public buildings. Latin literature was very influential in European literature until the mid-20th century.

TheColosseum or Roman Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo)

The Roman's invented things such as the Arch, roads, cement and bridges. These are just some of the main things, but there are many more. Cement, being one of the main things they invented lead to them making many more things needing cement.

There have volumes written on the fall of the roman empire. it was a powerful and effectiive empire with tenets and procedures that we still use. The straw that broke the camel's back was following the assasination of Julius Caesar, Mark Antony's powerful tribute to him was of such a tenure and excitable praise to Caesar that it incited Rome to revolt. whereupon Antony became the leader.

Carthage did not give anyone to Rome. Rome captured prisoners of war, but they were not actually given to her by Carthage. Rome demanded that Carthage surrender Hannibal to her, but he fled into exile in the eastern Mediterranean.

Romans used concrete, the arch and domes which lead to roads, aqueducts, coliseums, baths, and basilicas .

The senate was important during the period of the Roman Monarchy (753-509 B.C.) when it was the advisory body of the kings and during the period of the Roman Republic (509-27 B.C.). During the period of rule by emperors (27 B.C.-476 A.D.) the senate lost much of its power. It was turned into an instrument for the emperor's rule.

During the Republic Rome did not have a centralised executive, like a cabinet or an administration. There were five types of executive officers of state and they were all elected annually, except for the censors who were elected every 18 months. This included the consuls, the two heads of the Republic. The senate remained an advisory body, this time for the consuls. It was not an elected body. It was composed of patricians (aristocrats) and former executive officers of state. Its members were enrolled by the censors. It was not a legislative body either. It was a body where matters of policy were discussed and recommendations for the consuls were made. The consuls usually followed it advice. This made the senate the most powerful political body of the Republic. Given that the term of office of officers of state was only one year, the senate provided policy continuity. The senate also supervised the treasurers (the quaestors).

In addition to the above, despite not being a legislative body (in nether drafted bills nor voted on legislation) the senate also issued the senatum consulta, which were texts promulgated by the senate on draft bills presented to the senate by the consuls. They expressed the opinion of the senate on the matters referred and they had only an advisory capacity. In practice the consuls usually followed the consulta to the letter. It was considered normal practice to seek a consultum (singular) prior to submitting a bill to the vote of the popular assemblies. A hostile consultum would lead to a modification of the bill or its abandonment. However, if it conflicted with a passed law, the latter overrode the consultum. Originally the senate could veto approved laws on the grounds of technicalities with the senatum acutoritas. Later a law determined that the senatus acutoritas could only be issued before the vote. In n 287 BC a laws abolished the senatus acutoritas.

Rome's wars of expansion into Italy and beyond increased the power of the senate. It became the body which enabled the co-ordination of the deployment of several armies at the same time and the establishment of Roman colonies (settlements) in the conquered territories. The governors of the Roman provinces (conquered territories) were chosen by the senators from among themselves.

The role of geography played in the rise of roman civilization helped many Greeks find a location in rome, and helped them in battle because of the natural barriers that protected them from attack.

Byzantium, renamed Constantinople.

The Etruscans.

The Etruscans.

The Etruscans.

The Etruscans.

The Etruscans.

The Etruscans.

The Etruscans.

The Etruscans.

The Etruscans.

No it was the Egyptian. There is a pyramid in Rome, known as the Pyramid of Gaius Cestius, but it was built after the Egyptian pyramids. http://vaticanart.net/pyramid-of-gaius-cestius/