Athens

The Ancient Greek men mainly pierced themselves. They did this in the Olympics to please the gods.

Under the Cleisthenes reforms of 507 BCE property owners who had a battle equipage (a panoply of arms). This was suspended during and after the Persian invasion, when the oligarchs took control again. It was restored in 460 BCE by Ephialtes, then after his assassination by the oligarchs, his deputy Pericles took over and eventually extended it to all adult males who were citizens.

Greeks and Romans were both warrior civilizations. However, they also both added much of value to the civilizations that came after them. Democracy, politics, even bathrooms and sewage lines, came from Greek or Roman civilizations.

Athens' right wing was led by Callimachus. Athens' left wing was covered by the Plataeans. Athens' center was led by Themistocles and Aristides.The Greek idea was to attack first and to cross the distance from the slopes to the Persians as fast as possible in order to beat the Persian cavalry and archers to it . ~ see related link below .

In the radical period introduced by Pericles all citizens voted in the Assembly each fortnight and the Council implemented their decisions. They also manned the juries of 500 which determined on legal matters. And the funds extorted from Athens' empire put half the citizens on the public payroll.

Persia gave the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta the money to build a fleet of warships equal to Athens', and to pay the crews at double the Athenian rate to attract the best sailors.

At the confrontation of the two fleets at Aigospotomai, Spartan commander Lysander waited until the Athenian ships crews were on shore buying their food from the local market and swooped on them, taking most on the beach before they could get to sea to fight.

With its fleet gone, Athens was besieged with no means of importing food, and eventually had to surrender.

They were founded by different tribes of nomadic Indo-European peoples - Ionians, Dorians and Latins. When they settled in their respective territories, they developed their own varieties of language, culture, and customs as agricultural peoples - the words of their languages which they share relate to hunter-gathering, and this commonality disappears in agricultural and citified terminology.

they wore clothes

At the peak of its empire, it extracted great contributions from the other cities and lifted living standards, putting half its people on the public payroll. For women, they were kept isolated at home in virtual purdah, for slaves it was very different with no rights or protection,

The Greeks developed two types of play writing: comedy and tragedy. The Greeks have also made many influential contributions in philosophy, music, mathematics, and science that created an impact on Western civilization, while at the same time simultaneously participating in the Peloponnessian wars and the Persian wars.

300 members of the population were chosen at random from the citizen's list( there were approximately 6000 full citizens at any given time in Athens

None.

Citizens had rights, non-citizens (including all women, children, slaves and aliens) had no rights, but were given some tolerance and privileges according to their usefulness and good behaviour.

Greeks have always had their own language which was Greek. Greek is one of the world's oldest recorded living languages.

The history of the Greek Language begins around the late 3rd millennium BC.

In the classical period, about 500 BC, there were three versions of the Greek language. People who spoke one variety had difficulty understanding another type. Still, the languages were close enough that some people could understand the other speakers. Around 330 BC, Alexander the Great created Koine Greek by taking features from the different versions of Greek that he liked and made all Greeks use that as their language. After that, Greeks spoke Koine Greek in Greece and wherever Greeks settled from Spain to India. Until about 100 AD, a person could walk from Scotland to India using only Koine Greek.

Athenian citizens had had to install a tyrant to end exploitation by the upper class and govern for all classes. After 40 years of this, they wanted more control themselves so they expelled the tyrant, and replaced the attempted move by the aristocrats to regain power by establishing a citizen assembly to make laws. This eventually developed into a direct democracy where government was effected by vote in fortnightly assembly meetings.

Democritus, in the 5th century, proposed his version of atomism. States that all matter was composed of small indivisible particles called atoms.

The commanded sections of the army and navy. And as the executive government was in the hands of inexperienced citizens selected by lot, any important decision by the assembly of the citizens usually had a rider 'the generals to implement'. Unlike the other office bearers, the general were nominated one from each tribe - the Athenians didn't to be led in battle by someone whose name was drawn out of a hat.

In Solon's time, the government was by the oligarchs (the rich few). Solon's task was to bring reforms to prevent the poorer oppressed majority from revolting, and he removed det slavery and recovered those sold into slavery abroad. His partial solution did not solve the problem and the people backed a tyrant to provide a mere equitable solution. This improved the situation, but it was not until 50 years later that Cleisthenes established a limited democracy which started providing a more even balance.

Well, trade and knowledge. Willing to let others enter theit city.

Metic

Athens surrendered unconditionally to the Peloponnesian League forces besieging it.

It was stripped of its empire and had to live on its own limited resources, which put an end to the lavish expenditure on the city and inhabitants, and dominance of its fleet, all previously subsidised by the 180 cities of its empire. It became a second-rate power thereafter, able to intervene only in concert with other cities rather than dragging other cities along with it into its adventurous interference in the affairs of other cities.

in the Trojan war the greek's pretended they had given up their siege of troy and pretended to go home, leaving a giant wooden horse behind as a supposed trophy but they hid greek warriors in the wooden horse so they were taken into the city with the horse. At night the greek warriors climbed ut of the horse, opened the city gates for the rest of the greek army that had now returned and they slaughtered the trojans in their beds.