Athens

The great inequality in the society had polarised the city into opposing factions:

• The upper class which favoured extreme oligarchy (=rule of the few = the wealthy),
• Etreme democrats (= rule of the people = rich and poor),
• Those in the middle who wanted a broadly-based oligarchy (=rule by the propertied classes = landowners rich and poor).

The small landowners were in debt to the rich and liable to enslavement if they could not pay themselves out, which they had little prospect of doing, poor parents even being forced to sell their children. The situation had no forseeable resolution in the existing legal, political and economic regime.

With the prospect of civil war looming, they turned to Solon as a man who could find them a solution and appointed him tyrant - with unlimited power - to reconstruct the society.

Since penicillin is obtained from the mould, penicillium, it could certainly help fight infection in a survival sort of situation.

A healthy human being, on the other hand, can usually avoid infection just by washing a cut with soap and water. The body is specifically designed to fight off infection, and safe levels of exposure to bacteria actually help strengthen the immune system

While this method is clearly not up to modern standards of health care, it's interesting to note that, given the level of medicine available at the time, this approach may have, at least to some extent, worked.

Yes the athenians did they faught in the first and second Persian wars and the also fought the Spartans which led to their downfall because they got the plague and then the Spartans beat them and destroyed them so they fought in three recorded wars and they could have possibly been in the Trojan war but that itself is a myth.

Addition:

The Greek world was in a state of constant warfare between the several hundred city-states which existed. Much the same as today, when hardly a year goes past without a war somewhere in the world. That's the nature of mankind.

These wars were fought between cities, sometimes combinations into leagues, sometimes individually. Most were Greeks versus Greeks, but sometines against othe peoples, either to invade or oppose invasion. Athens was a regular participant in all this.

So yes, ancient Athenians fought in many wars. All property owners were required to be part of the Athenian army as armoured warriors, and the non-propertied ones who could not afford armour were drafted as auxiliaries - light infantry and missile men.