Budgeting and Forecasting

Reduction in share capital can enable one or more of the following: (i) write off accumulated losses on profit and loss account, so that dividends can be paid much earlier. (ii) its balance sheet can reflect more accurately the capital employed in the business, where capital has been lost, and (iii) repay to shareholders part of its paid-up capital in case the capital is not needed in the future.

The type of budget that involves placing money into envelopes is called the "envelope budgeting system" or the "envelope method." This is a cash-based budgeting system where you allocate a certain amount of money for each spending category, such as groceries, entertainment, and transportation, and then put the cash into separate envelopes labeled with each category. Once the cash in an envelope is gone, you cannot spend any more money in that category until the next budgeting period. This method helps you stay within your budget and avoid overspending.

Present a response on why managers may be reluctant to fully participate in setting up budgets. Let it be in form of a report addressed to the board of directors

Its a very wide figure. The cost of software depends on exactly what that software is and does and if requires technical support, continued training to use, additions bespoke applications used within its programming to make it suitable for the environment its in.

Powder coating is one of the difficult products to assess cost. However, most will consider the diameter of the wire to start with the the length to be sprayed, then it has to be established on the length is the wire to be taken from a reel as this will require the reel to be fed out and pulled through a spray booth (even if its a small box sized booth). You will also have to consider turning the wire to allow the spray to hit all surface areas. The nozzle size will need careful consideration as "spray past" will cause virgin powder to bypass the wire and have to recovered by a cyclone system. If the colour sprayed is the only on to go through the booth and cyclone you may be lucky to be able to recycle the spray past powder back in to the virgin powder for reapplication. If not the spray past powder will be waste and also have to be coasted in to the job. Then you come to the firing (heating of the powder) this may be a small oven/furnace that allows Small items to pass through slowly enough so the powder is correctly baked on. If not and you use an industrial oven and small wire the only way to make the baking process viable is to have several hundred wire strands passing though at one time.

well, say that your property is 1 acre. the end of one acre is the end of the range. withing the range means inside of the boundary line

Well, that all depends really. Let me share a real life story with you as I am an Independent IT Consultant.

A Customer of mine owns a sign and graphics shop. He is using a Dell home computer as his main production machine. It takes this machine literally 30-45 minutes or more to RIP the graphics (Generate and process them) to his $200K ish graphics printer that is capable of extremely fast printing. He does not see the benefits of having a machine that would RIP in less than 1 minute, but what he does see is the cost of such a machine.

Now, looking at this scenario, he "saved" about $1,500 on the computer, but over the course of the 3 years he has had it, what has it really cost him? Well if you calculate in that a normal work day is 8 hours and he has been wasting 1-2 hours a day at say a standard rate of $65/hour; you find that it is costing him $65-$130/day X 260 normal working days in a year = $16,900 - $33,800/year.

So you tell me if productivity is the same as Profitability or Cost Reduction. In my opinion, Cost Reduction is the lazy route Accountant's take to show CEO's how they are going to save a company money and make it more profitable, at least for the short term. What the hell, why not just have the electricity, gas, and all other expenses shut off and imagine all of the money the company will save.........

Some methods to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs include the use of solubilizing agents like surfactants, co-solvents, and complexing agents. Other techniques include particle size reduction through methods like micronization or nanosizing, as well as the use of prodrugs. Formulating the drug in lipid-based delivery systems like liposomes or nanoparticles can also improve solubility.

The most costly items in a typical campaign budget today are media expenses. Television and radio ads are the most expensive. The signs that the candidate might place around a region can also become expensive.

The most expensive item in a typical campaign budget is usually advertising and media buying, which includes placing ads on various platforms such as television, radio, print, and digital media. Advertising costs can make up a significant portion of the budget due to the need to reach a wide audience effectively.

The high-low method can help identify fixed and variable costs within a data set. It is simple and easy to apply, making it a quick way to estimate costs without complex calculations. Additionally, it can provide a rough estimate of future costs based on past data.

Straight line depreciation method allocate equal amount for all years while in sum of years digit method depreciation is allocated with high amount in initial years while low amount in later years.

Ongoing evaluation is required because in life circumstances change. These changes usually result in effects on existing processes. The ongoing evaluation of these effects allow you to take proactive steps to insure that your processes remain relevant and effective.

Rate of depreciation = 1-(salvage value/Cost of asset)^(1/n)

n-> useful life of the asset.

This rate of depreciation is charged on the net book value of the asset of each year.! The depreciation rates are high at the start and low towards the end of useful life of the asset

To calculate depreciation using the annuity method, you divide the depreciable cost of the asset by the estimated useful life in periods. This will give you the annual depreciation expense for the asset. You can use formulas or online calculators to streamline the calculation process.

In a typical case study on working capital management, you would analyze a company's current assets and liabilities to optimize its liquidity and operational efficiency. By focusing on areas such as accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable, you would suggest strategies to improve cash flow and reduce the company's financing costs. The goal is to strike a balance between ensuring there is enough working capital to support day-to-day operations while minimizing excess funds that could be more efficiently used elsewhere.

The typical retiree budget varies based on individual circumstances, but some common expenses to consider include housing, healthcare, transportation, food, and leisure activities. It's important to factor in sources of retirement income such as Social Security, pensions, savings, and investments to create a budget that aligns with your lifestyle and financial goals. Seeking advice from a financial advisor can help ensure a comfortable retirement.

Political budgeting can lead to budget decisions that may prioritize short-term gains over long-term fiscal stability. This can result in populist measures that may not be sustainable in the long run, leading to deficits and debt accumulation. It can also make it challenging to allocate resources efficiently and effectively based on the needs of the country rather than political considerations.

The correct spelling is "budgetary."

Recidivism refers to the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend. It can strain state budgets by increasing costs associated with incarceration, parole supervision, and court-related expenses. Addressing recidivism through interventions such as rehabilitation programs can help reduce these costs and improve public safety.

Budgeting is a crucial tool in the financial administration of a country as it helps allocate resources effectively, prioritize government spending, and monitor financial performance. It sets out the government's revenue and expenditure plan, guiding decision-making and ensuring that financial goals are met. A well-planned budget facilitates transparency, accountability, and responsible fiscal management.

USA with annual budget greater than 3trillion no country is anywhere near to it

The computer is easier to use for data processing because of the copy and paste feature and the ability to save the information. Using a computer is much more efficient and faster than writing things down by hand.

4. "Budgeting is the one of the main tool to control the cost" - Give your view.