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Catalysts and Catalysis
Catalysts are compounds or elements which take part in a reaction without getting used up themselves.
950 Questions
What is environmental catalyst?
An environmental catalyst speeds up an environmental related process. It is useful in conversion of green raw materials and waste into energy.
Which component is affected when a catalyst is added to a chemical reaction?
The component affected when a catalyst is added to a chemical reaction is the reactants. The purpose of a catalyst is to speed up a reaction.
What are examples of protein catalyst?
1) Protein disulfide isomerase or PDI:Catalyze the formation, isomerization and breakage of disulfide bonds in proteins
2) Peptidyl transferase: An aminoacyltransferase
3) palmitoyl[protein] hydrolase: palmitoyl[protein] + H2O palmitate + protein
4) Isocitrate lyase: converts isocitrate to succinate
5) Peptide synthases: biotin protein ligase (BPL), protein N-octanoyltransferases
How do you indicate that a catalyst was used in a reaction?
You write the name over the arrow in the chemical equation.
Why can a catalyst speed up a reaction even at low temperature?
Because catalyst will reduce the activation energy of the reaction, thereby the speed of the reaction increases.
DNA Modifying EnzymesEukaryotic and prokaryotic cells possess multiple mechanisms to repair DNA and control damage to their genomes. These include base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) that excise and replace damaged nucleotide bases and helix-distorting lesions, respectively. Many of the enzymes involved in NER are also active in transcription-coupled repair (TCR) processes. In addition, mismatch repair (MMR) enzymes act to replace mismatched nucleotides and repair insertion/deletion loops. Furthermore, there are two types of double-stranded DNA break repair, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ).
Base excision repair proteins correct DNA lesions and ensure that mutations are not propagated. The process of base excision repair is achieved via specific and sequential enzyme activity. Damaged bases are first identified and removed by DNA glycosylases/AP lyases, which break beta-N glycosidic bonds to create an abasic (AP) DNA site. Depending on the initial events of base removal, repair proceeds through either the short patch (1 nucleotide) or long patch (2-10 nucleotides) repair pathways. This involves the AP site being recognized by endonuclease enzymes which nick the damaged DNA, and recruit DNA polymerases to fill the gap in the DNA. Base excision repair is completed by DNA ligase sealing the nick between the two strands.
Nucleotide excision is an additional DNA repair mechanism which removes nucleotides that have been damaged by chemicals or ultraviolet radiation. Nucleotide excision generates a short single-stranded DNA gap, which is subsequently used as a template by DNA polymerase. In addition to base and nucleotide excision repair molecules, mismatch repair (MMR) enzymes act to replace mismatched nucleotides and repair insertion/deletion loops. Genotoxic stress can introduce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are repaired by either homologous recombination or non-homologous end-joining. The Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex, along with members of the Rad51 family of proteins, are involved in double-strand break repair during homologous recombination. R&D Systems offers quality DNA enzyme products which include DNA glycosidases, endonucleases, polymerases, ligases, and more.
Which catalyst is used in esterification of glycerol and butyric acid?
Sulfuric acid is commonly used as a catalyst in the esterification of glycerol and butyric acid to produce glyceryl tributyrate, a type of triacylglycerol.
The biological catalyst that blocks a step in the separation of chromosomes would directly affect the process of cell division, specifically the phase of mitosis called anaphase. This disruption would prevent the chromosomes from properly segregating and result in improper distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells.
Is law the catalyst for starting the pendulum swinging?
Is law catalyst for starting the pendulum swinging? or is ethics? politics?
How do you replace plates in a lead acid battery?
You can't. All modern battery cases are heat sealed and will rarely come apart without being destroyed in the process.
Years ago, (back in the Model T days) there were battery rebuild shops as auto batteries were relatively expensive.{Here is a good site that has an old battery rebuild manual printed in the 1922.
http://www.powerstream.com/1922/battery_1922_WITTE/battery_WITTE.htm#toc}
These all but disappeared after WWII. Lead is highly regulated by the EPA. I have found no sources of new plates, separators, etc. either.
What are examples of catalyst?
Examples of some common catalysts are:
Manganese dioxide: in decomposition of Hydrogen peroxide and Potassium chlorate
Sulfuric acid: in some esterification reactions
Vanadium(V) oxide: in oxidation of sulfur dioxide to trioxide
etc.
That simply means this:
That the enzymes natural reaction to the concentration of the of the substrate (based on its chemical makeup) will react at .4 slygometers. This is based on the Scale of Enzyme dependency on the substrates, again "natural" reaction to the enzymes reaction on itself. Never let it fool you that 1/8th of a slygometer is equivalent to a Decominuter on the Enzyme Friction Scale. This is a common misconception and more so just a blatant misunderstanding of the rudimentary basis of the scale itself.
For those of you who don't know the scale conversions they are as follow:
Slygometer Ct. Decominuter Value
.4 .114
.8 .228 * and so on.
Also please wear gloves when marrying any of these chemicals if the Decominuter reads above .14. The reason is, is that the chemical begins to decompose and speed up the half life of itself based on the Degeneration theory, this can cause a devastatingly harsh burn on your knuckle or finger pad. Believe me it hurts bad, there is a procedure to stop the burn from sinking to the bone called Micro-Magnesis, highly expensive if your lucky enough to bump into the doctor who holds qualification to do so.
How are the witches in Macbeth and Iago in Othello catalysts?
they help speed up the play and also help either introduce new ideas into the play or develop them.
What is a broken pot catalyst?
A Catalyst used to "Break Down" Long Hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones...
Where can one contact ATI catalyst control center?
The ATI catalyst control center is a product manufactured by AMD. One can contact AMD by calling their corporate offices in Sunnyvale, Austin, and Canada.
A biocatalyst is a biochemical catalyst - normally an enzyme.
What does a catalyst reduce to a chemical reaction?
Adding a catalyst a chemical reaction can occur with a lower activation energy.
What process changes starch to simple sugars using a biological catalyst?
The process that changes starch into simple sugars using a biological catalyst is called enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzymes, such as amylase, break down the starch molecules into smaller sugars like glucose, maltose, and maltotriose, which can be easily absorbed by the body.
What is activation energy How does a catalyst affect activation energy?
Activation energy is the energy required by a reaction for the reaction to occur. The catalyst lowers the activation energy, making it easier for the reaction to happen.
Improvement:
A catalyst don't lowers the activation energy. A catalyst creates a alternative route (*) for the same reaction with a lower activation energy.
* = as a result of the interaction of the reagents with the catalyst.
A different enzyme controls each step of what?
A different enzyme controls each step of a metabolic pathway. This ensures that each chemical reaction in the pathway is tightly regulated and allows for efficient energy usage and production.
genetic engernering
Edited answer;
Bt gene synthesizing the desired protein