Civil Engineering

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1:1.5:3:0.45 (cement,fine aggregate,coarse aggregate, water cement ratio)

1"/60' times what equals 1/4"/1' ? 1"/60' (X) = 1/4"/1' X = 15 Multiply by 15.

The purpose of expansion joint , is to anticipate movement of structure due to temperature, earthquake,settlement. In 75 mtrs length of slabs we can make expansion joint in L/2 or 75/ 2 or L/ 3 for every 25 mtrs , we provide bearing Pads for movement. , actually this also name as movement joint.

People who study transportation are typically referred to as transportation planners or transportation engineers. They analyze and design transportation systems, focusing on improving efficiency, safety, and sustainability. Additionally, researchers in this field may be known as transport economists or mobility analysts, depending on their specific area of focus.

The pratt truss is efficient because the longer diagonal members are in tension and the shorter vertical members are in compression.

Members in tension fail because the member is stressed to materials maximum stress capacity. Members in compression usually fail through buckling because of instability long before the materials maximum stress is reached.

The programme refers to a masterplan divided up by tasks and durations.

When a schedule is compared to the programme. The schedule referes to isolated / target plans with in the programme.

Ah, brick bat coba is a lovely technique for waterproofing roofs! The cement consumption for brick bat coba typically ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 kg per square meter, depending on the thickness desired. Remember, it's important to mix the cement properly with water to achieve the right consistency for a durable and beautiful finish. Just like painting a happy little tree, take your time and enjoy the process!

it cost lots and lots of money

Eitaibashi Bridge was built in 1698. There are not likely to be any records of its cost. The bridge was replace in 1924-1926. That bridge is called Eitai-bashi or Eitai Bridge.

iit roorke civil engg is better

Mild steel is a fairly general classification and can cover a considerable variation in material properties. Cold drawn grades in particular will have a higher tensile strength than hot rolled.

Something like 400 MPa for yield stress and 500 MPa for ultimate tensile strength is quite common.

Manhole depths can vary depending on their purpose and location. They are typically designed to provide access to underground utilities or sewer systems. The depth of manholes can range from a few feet to over 30 feet, with the typical range being 10 to 20 feet.

• The Compacting Factor = Weight of partially compacted concrete/Weight of fully compacted concrete.
• The weight of fully compacted concrete can also be calculated by knowing the proportion of materials, their respective specific gravities, and the volume of the cylinder.
  
• It is seen from experience, that it makes very little difference in compacting factor value, whether the weight of fully compacted concrete is calculated theoretically or found out actually after100 per cent compaction.

Young’s Modulus (also referred to as the Elastic Modulus or Tensile Modulus), is a measure of mechanical properties of linear elastic solids like rods, wires, and such. Other numbers measure the elastic properties of a material, like Bulk modulus and shear modulus, but the value of Young’s Modulus is most commonly used. This is because it gives us information about the tensile elasticity of a material (ability to deform along an axis).

Young’s modulus describes the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation in an object). The Young’s modulus is named after the British scientist Thomas Young. A solid object deforms when a particular load is applied to it. The body regains its original shape when the pressure is removed if the object is elastic. Many materials are not linear and elastic beyond a small amount of deformation. The constant Young’s modulus applies only to linear elastic substances.

Load Distribution: The primary function of a strip foundation is to distribute the load from the building's walls evenly to the underlying soil. This prevents excessive settlement or soil bearing capacity issues.

Width and Depth: The width and depth of a strip foundation depend on factors such as the building's load, the type of soil, and local building codes. The width is typically greater than the width of the wall it supports. The depth is determined by the frost depth (to prevent frost heave) and the soil's bearing capacity.

Reinforcement: In some cases, steel reinforcement bars (rebar) may be added to the concrete strip to enhance its tensile strength and overall stability.

Footing Dimensions: The footing, or the bottom part of the strip foundation, is wider and serves as the load-spreading element. It is usually wider than the wall it supports to provide stability.

Construction Process: Strip foundations are typically cast directly on the ground or on a shallow trench. The trench is excavated to the required depth and dimensions, and then concrete is poured into the trench to create the foundation.

Use in Residential and Light Commercial Buildings: Strip foundations are commonly used in residential buildings, small commercial structures, and other low- to medium-rise buildings. They are suitable for structures with relatively light loads.

Cost-Effective: Strip foundations are cost-effective and relatively simple to construct, making them a popular choice for a wide range of building types.

• M20 grade - 1:1.5:3
• Cement required - 360 kgs per m3
  
• Cement required - 7.2 bags.
  

14m

The ANZAC Bridge is a striking cable-stayed bridge spanning Johnstons Bay in Sydney, Australia. Its distinctive design features two 120-meter-high towers supporting the deck with 128 stay cables, creating a visually impressive silhouette. Opened in 1995, it replaced the old Glebe Island Bridge and serves as a crucial link between Sydney's CBD and the western suburbs. The bridge's name honors the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), symbolizing the shared military heritage of both nations.

Geology involves the study of the Earth's materials, structures, and processes, including those relevant to mining operations. Mining engineering is a specialized field that focuses on the planning, design, and operation of mines, which requires a solid understanding of geology to locate and extract mineral resources efficiently and sustainably.

Cement is a commonly used binding material in construction, made from limestone and clay that hardens when mixed with water. Geopolymer is a newer alternative material that uses industrial by-products like fly ash or slag, activated by an alkaline solution, to create a similar binding effect. Geo polymers tend to have lower carbon emissions and higher strength compared to traditional cement.

In harp type cable stayed bridges the cables running from the deck to the tower run parallel or near parallel and attach to different points on the tower, in fan type bridges the cables all run back to the same point near the top of the tower.

The fan type bridges have less horizontal loading on the deck so a lighter and less stiff deck structure is possible but presumably you need a stronger and higher tower, or at least able to support more vertical load high up (not sure I'm not an engineer I just like the aesthetics of these structures!)

It is not a good time to be taking a shower or bath. The piping system is a good conduit for electricity and pools of water may attract lightening. Using the telephone and electrical appliances is also not a good idea, the wiring being designed to carry electricity. Close ALL windows and doors. Bring your pets inside. Unplug any electrical things such as toasters, blenders, etc. Turn off the TV and radio! Even cell phones shouldn't be used during an electrical storm. Don't go outside to have a look and stay away from the windows! I actually had a "fireball" come right through my living room window (I was sitting on the couch) and enter my TV (a freak storm with no warning.) The window had no damage nor did the TV. My husband witnessed it and said as the streak passed me my hair shot up. LOL

There is no direct conversion between conductivity, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Conductivity is often used as a proxy for estimating TDS, especially in water quality monitoring. TDS can be estimated using a conversion factor based on the specific characteristics of the water sample, but it is not a precise conversion. Temperature can affect conductivity readings, so it's essential to measure both parameters accurately when estimating TDS.

1. Igneous rock: Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma.
2. Sedimentary rock: Rock formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments.
3. Plate tectonics: Theory that describes the movement and interactions of Earth's lithospheric plates.
4. Mineral: Naturally occurring inorganic substance with a specific chemical composition and crystal structure.