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Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering is a profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public, like houses, buildings, roads, etc. A Civil Engineer is an engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges or dams, and other large facilities.
4,921 Questions
PSI = Pounds per Square Inch. Bar - is one atmosphere (14 PSI)
Where might a civil engineer work?
Many Engineering Geologists work with geophysical companies or engineering firms that deal with geotechnical engineering (slope stability, foundation engineering, retaining wall design, tunnelling) as well as the more traditional engineering geology roles such as rock slope design and assessment, rock tunnelling, quarrying and mining. These professionals are also found in positions in the government such as the USGS or in academics.
Why is tensile strength stronger than compressive strength?
Neither tensile strength nor compressive strength is inherently "stronger." Some materials are stronger in tension; other materials are stronger in compression. For example, rope is much stronger in tension than in compression, but concrete is much stronger in compression than in tension.
Why are the bolts that hold steel rails together in oval holes?
It has to do with the design of the bolts. The reason that head of the bolt is oval in shape. The head of a bolt fit flush into the bar and set in opposing sets is so that a piece of dragging equipment will not shear off all the bolts in a joint but rather the just the nuts one side. As a result if the hole is not oval on one side there would be no way to tighten or loose the bolts in a joint.
Second Answer: They would be oval shapes so when contraction or expansion happens they wont snap.
What is the significance of fineness modulus?
Fineness Modulus is used to know the size of aggregate grains (Particles) for various measurements used in Civil Engineering.
To characterize the overall coarseness or fineness of an aggregate, a concept of fineness modulus is developed. The Fineness Modulus is defined as
Fineness Modulus =
Σ(Cumulative Retained Percentage)
100
To calculate the fineness modulus, the sum of the cumulative percentages retained on a definitely specified set of sieves needs to be determined, and the result is then divided by 100. The sieves specified for the determination of fineness modulus are No. 100, No. 50, No. 30, No. 16, No. 8, No. 4, 3/8", 3/4", 1.5", 3", and 6".
Mirza Usman
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What is the difference between a cantilever bridge and a beam bridge?
A Cantilever bridge is built from iron, structural steel and prestressed and reinforced concrete. These materials make the trusses, box girders, vertical columns and the canitlever itself.
What phobia is the fear of bridges or crossing them?
The fear of bridges or of crossing them is Gephyrophobia.
How much power is generated by the Hoover Dam?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEL7yc8R42k
^ a very good video summary on Hydroelectric power
Basically water flows through the dam and through a turbine. This spins the turbine, which in turn spins a generator. The generator creates electricity by having magents go around copper.
What are examples of dynamic loads?
A Person walking on a bridge, wind, cars on a bridge. Basically anything that doesn't stay on that structure forever.
The strength of Portland cement?
The strength of ordinary portland cement is available in three grades,
- 33 grade - If the 28 days strength is not less than 33 N/mm2
- 43 grade - If the 28 days strength is not less than 43 N/mm2
- 53 grade - If the 28 days strength is not less than 53 N/mm2
According to the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, there are approximately 600,000 bridges in the United States. The number worldwide must be significantly greater, though not proportionally as the U.S. is a richer nation and has more territory requiring more bridges than most. I'm aware this is not a complete answer, but the previous suggested answer was "400", and that is WAY off.
Piers made of hollow concrete block should be installed with the hollow channels?
1.diagonally
2.vertically
3.horizonally
4. either v. or h
black carbon steel pipeSteel with a surface layer of dark coloured iron oxides used for low pressure hot water heating pipes. <<< Terrible answer
How about also adding steam, steam condensate, air, natual gas, oil 1, 2,3,5, and bunker C besides hydronics and HVAC systems such chilled water and who would leave out fire suppression piping Also DO NOT beliewve the lies the other poster wrote as Black Iron can be used on high presure steam (15# and above ) As even a helper or someone with very little knowledge would know that black steel comes in a variety of schedules (wall thicknesses) so 40 is standard up to 125 PSI then schedule 80 and schedule 120 so the thicker the wall the higher the pressure it can convey Ships use 1,500 PSI Superr heated piping ALL black steel
www.thepipefitting.com
Black steel pipes have the strength that can make it ideal for transporting water and gas in rural and urban areas and for conduits that protect electrical wiring and for delivering high pressure steam and air. The oil and petroleum industries use black steel pipe for moving large quantities of oil through remote areas. This is beneficial, since black steel pipes require very little maintenance. Other uses for black steel pipes include gas distribution inside and outside homes, water wells and sewage systems. Black steel pipes are never used for transporting potable water.
When was the first motorway M1 opened?
The first motorway opened in Britain was the M6 (M=Motorway). It was known as the Preston Bypass. It was opened in 1958.
When it was planned, the Preston Bypass was seen as the first piece of a large network. It was deemed a success and led to the construction of a second motorway, the M1, opened in 1959.
There was no speed limit and no crash barriers and hardly any traffic -- now that's what I call motoring!
The M6 is also Britain's longest motorway and Britain's busiest.
What was the first bridge ever made?
Bridges have been built since the stone age, it is impossible to say where or when the first one was built.
What are the satisfying aspects of civil engineering?
Whether you will find civil engineering depends on your values and your interests. If you like building things and seeing your designs constructed in real life, then civil engineering is loads of fun and intensely satisfying. If you have an interest in creating a better world for your fellow man by building clean water systems, environmentally-responsible wastewater systems, sustainable energy infrastructure, and so forth, then a civil career will be even more satisfying. If you care more about making lots of money and having an easy job, civil may not be the best career choice.
How many tons in a cubic yard of concrete?
O.K. I can help. Keep in mind that density,compaction, and h2o content are contributing factors. To stay on the safe side calculate all raw rock products as follows: 1 cubic yard=1.8 tons.
What is the tensile strength of marble?
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 7.00 - 20.0 MPa 1020 - 2900 psi
This is the strength in a pure tension test. For bending use:
Modulus of Rupture 0.00410 - 0.0276 GPa 0.595 - 4.00 ksi
source: http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatID=211&ckck=1
How do you find the tensile strength of rocks?
the ASTM (american society for testing materials) website has some information on rocks and minerals
Why ceramics have low tensile strength?
Ceramics are generally hard and brittle because of the type of bonds that hold the atoms together in the material. Ceramics are made up of covalent, ionic, or both types of bonds.
Covalent bonds are directional, which means that they form bonds only in specific directions and in a sense are more ordered/selective. So when a force is applied, the bonds will try very hard to resist deformation. As a result of this, the material is usually tough (toughness being defined as the ability of a material to absorb energy without rupture), but brittle when that threshold is passed.
Although ionic bonds are nondirectional in nature (meaning they can form bonds in multiple directions) , we need to realize that we are dealing with charged particles that become unstable when they are placed under a force. You could almost think of it as bringing like charges closer together when a strong enough force is applied to the material, so that they repel each other.
Hope that helps some, I think someone might want to expand on directional/nondirectional nature of bonds...
(Another Solution)
Ceramics tend to be strong but brittle because of the ionic bonding present between the metal and non-metal components of the material. Ionic bonds are very strong and require a relatively large amount of energy to break. However, once enough energy is applied to break the bonds, they break completely, making the material brittle. Covalently bonded materials like polymers are far less brittle because the covalent bonds can stretch during plastic deformation.
The meaning of mpa in concrete?
Concrete strengths are customarily denominated in psi(pounds per square inch) in the imperial system and in MPa's(megapascals) in metric. These are units of pressure.
Difference between footing and foundation of a structure?
The footing lies on the ground around the base of the structure. The Foundation cn go way below with pilings deep into the ground.
I can say that the footing is the part of foundation which transfers the load directly to the soil and foundationis the part of structure below the plinth level including the footing while footing is the part which is below the ground level.
What is the unit weight of steel?
Steel is very strong. Our society is built of concrete and steel. The world as we know it would not exist without steel. Are there any military aircraft carriers that are not built of steel? But there are some lighter materials out there. What that means is that if you use aluminum to make, say, a seatpost for a bicycle, you'll have to make a thicker one out of aluminum to make it as strong as a steel one, but the aluminum one will be lighter while being as strong as the steel one. There are always trade offs when designing and engineering things and considering what metal to use.
Think about the bottom bracket on a bike with a 3-piece crank set. The axle is steel, or maybe titanium (same strength, but less weight - and more $'s!). Loads are so high here that this critical component is not made of aluminum 'cause it isn't tough enough to handle the stresses put on the part. And steel is the metal of choice for ball and roller bearings, particularly ones that take lots of abuse. Ceramics and carbide are harder, but they're more brittle, and can shatter under severe loading. It is most unusual to see bearings made out of something other than steel.
There are a couple of ways of measuring the strength of a metal, but the numbers don't make sense unless you compare one metal to another. Additionally, steel comes in many different alloy forms, and their characteristics will vary. Throw in the different techniques used to harden or otherwise heat treat the steel and you'll be here all day talking about how strong steel is. Yield strength and tensile strength of steel are, in general, pretty high, though. Steel is tough and strong.
