Is tail water level and minimum water level on hydro power plant the same?
No, Tail water level is level of water in d/s after discharge while mini. water level if water level in reservoir for run the hydro power turbine
What is shear modulus depends on?
Shear modulus, which is also often referred to as the modulus of rigidity or torsion modulus, is a measure of the rigid or stiff nature of different types of solid materials. It is derived from the material's ratio of its shear stress value to that of shear strain. Shear stress is a value of how much force is applied to a square area of a material, usually measured in pressure values of pascals. Strain is the amount that the material has deformed under stress divided by its original length. The shear modulus value is always a positive number and is expressed as an amount of force per unit area, which is generally recorded as metric gigapascals (GPa) because the values are more practical than English equivalents.
Briefly describe the elaboration process for per-stressed concrete?
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What is an Elastic foundation?
An elastic foundation is a foundation that is not rigid and follows Hook's law. The implications of an analysis on an elastic foundation are that you can no longer assume zero deflection from at the base of loaded structures.
A solid slab is either solid concrete foundation or a flat solid wood door as opposed to a hollow core or a panel door.
Why civil engineer needs to learn geomorphology?
Why do civil engineers need to learn geomorphology?
Answer:
As the civil engineers need to involve in constructional purposes and all the constructions usually stands on the soil. That's why they need to know about the characteristic of the geomorphic agents.
As the geomorphic agents carries a major role on the character of the soil. Earth surface processes and natural hazards pose significant challenges to society, development and construction. The expansion of global population and urbanization, coupled with the potential impacts of climate change on natural processes, are anticipated to result in an increased frequency of natural disasters and risk to development. Applied geomorphology is used to evaluate the opportunities and risks to infrastructure, people and the environment, contributing to sustainable development and engineering through cost effective mitigation of natural hazards and risk.
How much ozone is required for water purification?
It depends on the water source, and the contaminants in it. Spring water or RO water is dropped into bottles with 0.2 to 0.4 ppm of ozone. This just keeps the contents "sterile" until the bottle is capped, and the ozone decays back to oxygen.
One community in California gets their drinking water from an underground well located in a buried ancient redwood forest... and ozone cannot treat it economically. The low tens of ppm of ozone were applied, and eventually so much oxygen ended up in the water, the carbon filters would get bound up with all the gas. To say nothing about corrosion in the distribution system from high dissolved oxygen.
Ozone doses of 1 - 3 ppm are ideal (cost and payback), and other treatment methods need to be applied either before or after ozonation (adding ozone to water), to allow this much / little ozone in most surface water sources.
Underground sources commonly only require filtration and/or ion exchange. Ozone is not usually required unless the ions are not fully oxidized, which is why they are found dissolved in water. Examples are iron, arsenic, and manganese. Manganese is a tricky one. Within increasing oxidation it goes from soluble (bad), to insoluble (good, can be adsorbed to something), to soluble again (bad). So ozone doses here have to be carefully applied.
What is a minimum length for beam suppot on bearing wall?
That depends on what the beam is supporting above.
Ideally 150mm bearing is the minimum. I have seen as little as 50mm! But any engineer would frown upon this.
How many cement bags per 1 cubic meter of concrete?
7 cement bags per 1 cubic meter of concrete......
Are channels and canals similar?
Yes, in some ways. They are both waterways/small bodies of water, but channels are wider and join two larger bodies of water together. Canals are man made though and are used for ships to travel through. I hope this answers your question, I'm sorry if it doesn't. Have a nice day! ;)
What circumstances combined footing is required?
where there the two columns faces overlap each other,
when the column face is near to the boundary line
What was the main purpose of roman roads?
The main purpose was to travel to other cities, regions, and rural areas as quickly as possible. Think of yourself in a society that resides in middle of a forest, where every time you try to go somewhere-you would have tough time making way through branches and trees and god knows what. Wouldn't you prefer a quicker way? By building "roads", not only Romans spread their region, but their economic finances also boomed.
Hope this helped,
SVPS
How is the grade strength of a bolt determined?
If there are lines coming inward from the outside on the head then this is an SAE bolt, not metric. If there are three of these lines than it is a grade five bolt.
To transport stuff over other stuff.
to get to one place to another
to cross treacherous places