Communism

Not entirely sure of the thrust of your question. The system that did such things was - and is - called "totalitarianism".

Chinese are more developed about the literature of there country. after the 1800s, Chinese exposed to western culture. Then in 1949 the Chinese communist came to power after a long civil war.

Under Communism, there is no state, and thus no central government. As such, there are no leaders, however there may be local committees and councils made up of the local population that make the decisions of their commune.

Its worth noting that communism is different to socialism. Communism has never been achieved (even by so called 'communist' countries), only socialism. under socialism, most decisions are meant to be made by the working class.

the US govenment provide money and lots of machine to support the need of industry development of W.E. , and improve the living level of Europeans.

FOR ODYSSEYWARE:

by rebuilding the European economy through the Marshall Plan

Truman Doctrine

This is the wrong category but I'll answer anyways.

Communism doesn't limit a person's freedom per say, it's more the abuses of power that one can get away with under communism. In a ideal communist country, all of the businesses, factories, farms, etc are owned by the people. Wealth is supposed to be equally distributed so that there are no lower, middle, or upper classes. However, since anarchism doesn't work and there needs to be order in a society, a government is set up. This is when "owned by the people" becomes "owned by the state" and the people who are in charge of all the countries wealth, food, housing, medical, etc will always allocate more to themselves and live high on the hog while everyone else gets shafted. Then, to protect the comfy lifestyle those higher up on the chain have made for themselves, they start to take on a more tyrannical and propaganda driven government (see CHINA or NORTH KOREA).

democracy combined with properity

Two words: Cold War.

The Monroe doctrine kept communism in its current borders. In addition, "containment" was a word often used during the Cold War to stem the flow of communism.

it weakend the soviet economy and encouraged mikhail gorbachev to promte reform in the Soviet Union

At the beginning of the McCarthy era, there was much fear mongering. The inflated statements made by McCarthy were believed by the American public. However, after some time, the public realized that what he was saying could not be true.

kostum

The US. adopted a policy of containment towards the spread of Communism. Which in summary means that the US. exercised a policy to stop the Communism movement from spreading into new countries and to contain it where it was at the time.

Alger Hiss

Though anti-Communist sentiment continued throughout the Cold War, McCarthyism essentially ended with Joseph McCarthy's downfall. He was ultimately censured in the Senate in 1954 over his unethical tactics.

Some background information is needed here so that the reader has a better understanding of the NEP ( New Economic Policy )

The successful Bolshevik revolution in November, 1917 replaced ideology and any internal disputes the Bolsheviks had among themselves ( for the time being ) with the immense responsibility of leading a huge nation with all its complications that had always existed was still there with the exception of having having the Communist Party an illegal one.

Marxism provided no details on how his ideology should deal with industry, workers & their labor unions, the military and most importantly, the peasant population. The "procedure" of eliminating private property was a cornerstone of Marxism, however, the best way for Lenin & his Party to carry this out was clearly a serious problem. It was one thing to stage riots, print anti-government newspapers and call for radical changes, then it was to implement them. Especially so, when the Communist Party had no real experience in the art & practice of governing.

Certainly one crucial problem was the logistics of having the peasant farmers produce the crops & livestock needed to feed the industrial workers and still have enough left over to feed themselves.

This meant that the farmer population which played no major role in the Red Revolution, had to support a rather radical regime.

By the same token, without the proper transportation of food to the cities, whatever support Lenin's regime had with the factory workers would begin to be reduced.

The peasant population was the largest population group in Russia and millions of them were not even Russian, they were Ukrainians. The failure of the Bolshevicks to pay intense attention to Marx's key components for a successful revolution, was a formula for failure. This was because Marx envisioned a revolution in an industrial country such as England and Germany. There the workers had advanced their labor union establishment, had a more sophisticated political & economic mind set.

Russia, on the other hand did not qualify for a Marxist state because as it was an agriculturally based economy.

Lenin was then faced with a sticky problem. The peasant farmers required the products produced by Russian industry to produce the "hardware" needed to run farms. To have all this in balance was not going to be easy. It was an imperfect system before the two previous revolutions. The radical ideas of the second revolution by the Communist Party, was not at all in the mindset of most of the population, especially the farmer population.

By 1921, the Russian economy and Russian society was breaking down. Among the peasant revolts, discontent among the industrial workers and even a revolt in one section of the Red Navy, all were indicators that the revolution was in trouble, even in trouble to survive. The forced socialism, which Lenin called "war communism" needed to change.

Thus we come upon the NEP. The key component of the NEP was the granting to the peasantry the right to trade in the open market for their produce and for the equipment they needed to work their fields and raise their cattle. This was policy after they supplied the government with a certain amount of produce.

This decision meant a return to a profit goaled and free exchange economy to this vital part of the Russian economy.

The NEP also called for the retention of major industries to the government, however, all other business was permitted to operate in a private enterprise mode.

The NEP, no matter how it was propagandized, was a major setback towards the goal of communism. It also exposed the Communist leadership as falliable, inexperienced and prone to serious errors. For the time being the drastic loss of life among a cross section of Russian people, especially the peasantry, was abated.

Truman Doctrine offered aid to countries threatened by communism in 1947.

Containment

That was Lenin's goal but after he died Stalin took over and killed many people because he wanted socialism.

Lenin did not change Russia into a communist state. He changed it into a socialist sate. This was his purpose all along regardless of the fact that Stalin turned everything into a totalitarian dictatorship.

According to Karl Marx, the capitalist society would become a socialist one first, then after generations of socialism it would evolve into communism. Communism is not something that can be imposed on any society, but socialism is. Lenin wanted to start that process so after his revolution he abolished all aspects of capitalism in favor of socialism. Although they called it socialism, it was a very poor imitation of what Karl Marx envisioned. In fact, even calling it an imitation of socialism is going too far.

Communism is when a government wants to take total control over their country. In theory, this works. But when you put it into an actual situation, it doesn't work. Take Lenin and Russia for example. He tried to make everything even and equal between everyone, but people get greedy, angry, and just tired of sharing the things that they have worked hard to produce.

George F. Kennan, a career Foreign Service Officer, formulated the policy of “containment,” the basic United States strategy for fighting the cold war (1947–1989) with the Soviet Union.

A belief that one nation's fall to communism would lead to others

Because we wanted freedom not something blurring on the lines of slavery.

A2: Although communism is effective, it is unpopular among the people.

So it ussually requires some sort of pre-established basis for it. And a large force of army or police to enforce fear factor. Since the country was united with all the people fighting together in an army, a communism was unthinkable. It would have torn the country apart, if it had gone anywhere. It probably would have resulted in the supporters just being kicked out.

Once a democracy is established, people will rarely want to switch to a communism. If they do, if was because a demcoracy was an utter failure and fell to ruins.

As for blurring on the lines of slvary, I find this to be wrong. America still managed to have slaves? In fact, Russia, a communist nation, beat Amerida to ridding of slaves by about 150 years.

I find the lack of perspective on different types of government arrogant. All government types have their advantages.