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Computer Networking

Computer networks are collections of computers which are connected together in order to communicate and transfer information. Questions about computer networks, networking protocols, and how to set them up belong here.

18,810 Questions

What is a load balancing router?

a load balancing router distributes processes and communication activity evenely across a computer network so that one single device isn't overused. busy websites such as facebook use a load balancing router

What are the legal uses of peer to peer networking?

This question confuses two completely different things. One is whether it is legal to use a particular application in a particular way. The other is whether an application is organized as peer-to-peer or some other way, such as client-server or master-slave. Whether an application is peer-to-peer has nothing to do with whether it is legal to use an application in a particular way.

A peer-to-peer application is an networked application where none of the processes in the application is inherently controlled by any other process in the application. Contrast this with a client-server application, where a client makes requests of a server (which the server can honor or not as it sees fit), or a master-slave application, where a controlling process (the master) issues instructions to one or more controlled processes (the slaves). The most popular applications that we use on the Internet today tend to be client-server or master-slave applications, but applications do not inherently need to work this way. Consider for example a telephone or instant messaging program that allows users at two different computers to talk (via voice or text) to each other. Each computer can independently send messages (voice or text) to the other one. Many kinds of IM and telephony applications are set up as client-server (whether the server mediates between clients in some way) but one advantage of implementing these applications as peer-to-peer is that no central server is needed.

Peer-to-peer applications have undeservedly developed a bad reputation for several reasons. One is that some popular peer-to-peer applications have been widely used to transfer copyrighted material. Yes, it's illegal (in most countries) to transfer copyrighted material without permission - but it doesn't matter whether this is done using a peer-to-peer program, or a client-server program, or a USB thumb drive. Copying of copyrighted material is illegal no matter how you do it.

Another reason peer-to-peer apps have developed a bad reputation is that peer-to-peer applications don't care which end established a networking connection. Once the connection between two peers is established, either peer may make requests of the other. Many sites naively rely on "firewalls" to protect their computers from attack. A common policy is to block all connections that are being initiated from outside the firewall, on the theory that requests can only come from the party that initiated the network connection. Many client-server applications work this way, but this is not true for networked applications in general. Sites that naively rely on firewalls to protect their network may categorically object to usage of peer-to-peer programs since their firewalls will not protect them.

Fortunately, the advantages of peer-to-peer applications are becoming more widely understood and acceptance of peer-to-peer as a legitimate organizing principle for networked applications is increasing.

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How do you prepare a straight and cross cable?

A straight through cable goes as follows on both ends:

  • orange-white
  • orange
  • green-white
  • Blue
  • Blue-white
  • Green
  • Brown-white
  • brown

A cross over switches green and orange so it would be as follows on the other end:

  • green-white
  • green
  • orange-white
  • Blue
  • Blue-white
  • Orange
  • Brown-white
  • brown

How can you use fiber optical cable for PC to PC communication?

You will need a special card for each PC that would convert the communication signals (electrical signals) into optical code. Then you would connect the optical ports of both machines together via fiber optic cable. Ideally one card (one per machine) would be able to transmit and receive optical code over two strands of fiber. One strand for transmit the other for receive.

What are the importance of intranets?

Intranets provide organizations with the ability to store information in an environment that is accessible only to the members of that organization. Traditionally, firewalls or security measures are put into place to keep outside visitors from accessing the Intranet portal or the systems connected to it.

Organizations often use Intranet portals as a common place where employees can collaborate, store/share corporate knowledge, and aggregate corporate applications into a common place for employees to work.

Some common attributes of an Intranet portal include access to corporate articles, knowledge bases, enterprise search capability, threaded discussions/forums, and social networking capabilities.

Organizations often see a return on investment with Intranets by providing their employees with the ability to find information more quickly, reduce their reliance on email, and decrease training times for new employees.

Describe two situations when you might want to use remote desktop connection?

To fix a computer without actually being at the computer or to help someone else work on their computer while using your computer.

Is there a new MSN Messenger?

i am asking the same thing but i think 2009 is the latest one because i tried to download 2010 and some of the sites says that hadn't produced yet but there is a leaked one and this is one is not trusted so we will wait

Describe the use of interactive websites?

Interactive websites help the visitors find or do exactly what their need is. This is done more easily than a non interactive website. This type of website could ask a person what they want to do and direct them to it.

What is the difference between a route switch and a hub?

Hi all,

The main differance between the a switch and Hub is the hub will disribute the data among the system.(For eg: a hub have 8 port and in each system is connected and if a a system send a data of 100 mbps then all the system will share the data among themself and by the end system 100/8 it will send or get around 12.5mbps.) but incase of switch is won't do such things instead it will send the data as the same amount as it sends from the source.

Where is the volume shadow copies stored?

They are save in the System Volume Information folder on the volume that you have enabled Volume Shadow Copy on.

Three requirements for a network connection?

You must have the following for a network connection:

  1. Sender or transmitter
  2. Receiver
  3. Network Media

The first two are in the NIC card for each device in a network, and the media may be either wired or wireless for a connection between the sender and receiver.

Which network component is most vulnerable to performance problems?

Data! Data is usually on servers, so if you're asking what physical component, it would be servers.

The difference between UTP cable and Coaxial cable?

A UTP cable has 4 pairs of twisted wires. In a coaxial cable, there are two conductors, one inside the other. Since they have a common center, or axis, they are called "coaxial" (co-axial).

A UTP cable has 4 pairs of twisted wires. In a coaxial cable, there are two conductors, one inside the other. Since they have a common center, or axis, they are called "coaxial" (co-axial).

A UTP cable has 4 pairs of twisted wires. In a coaxial cable, there are two conductors, one inside the other. Since they have a common center, or axis, they are called "coaxial" (co-axial).

A UTP cable has 4 pairs of twisted wires. In a coaxial cable, there are two conductors, one inside the other. Since they have a common center, or axis, they are called "coaxial" (co-axial).

How many network addresses are there in a network with a subnet mask of 21?

One - by your problem statement, all addresses are part of the same network. The number of host addresses is 232-21 - 2, or about 2000.

One - by your problem statement, all addresses are part of the same network. The number of host addresses is 232-21 - 2, or about 2000.

One - by your problem statement, all addresses are part of the same network. The number of host addresses is 232-21 - 2, or about 2000.

One - by your problem statement, all addresses are part of the same network. The number of host addresses is 232-21 - 2, or about 2000.

Difference between File transfer protocol and hypertext transfer protocol?

File Transfer Protocol (FTP), a standard Internet protocol, is the simplest way to exchange files between computers on the Internet. Like the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which transfers displayable Web pages and related files, and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which transfers e-mail, FTP is an application protocol that uses the Internet's TCP/IP protocols. FTP is commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to the computer that acts as their server for everyone on the Internet. It's also commonly used to download programs and other files to your computer from other servers.

What is an RJ45 Connector used for?

An RJ-45 connector is the the connector at the end of a Cat-# cable (also known as a lan cable/network cable).