Computer Programming

# Do you need random access to the data? # Does the data need to be ordered? # Can there be duplicate entries? # Are you more interested in reading from or writing to the data structure? # Are you more interested in data access speed or data storage size?

Criteria is true if either individual criterion is true is called "or" in Logic. (Criteria is plural form of criterion)

Hi,

If you want to know whether RAM is in the system or not, Just press "Window" key and "Pause Break" together. It will give you the whole description of your computer including your operating system and you can see whether RAM of the computer has been removed or not under "computer".

Just try this and let me know if I could answer your question currectly..

Debugging a program is to correct, remove a fault, produce better security, etc, in a computer program.

scanf: scanf is a built-in function to read input from the user.

Object-Oriented Programming has the following advantages over conventional approaches:

* OOP provides a clear modular structure for programs which makes it good for defining abstract datatypes where implementation details are hidden and the unit has a clearly defined interface.

* OOP makes it easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects can be created with small differences to existing ones. * OOP provides a good framework for code libraries where supplied software components can be easily adapted and modified by the programmer. This is particularly useful for developing graphical user interfaces.

First, lets speak about the scope of a variable. The scope of a variable is the section of the application that can see and manipulate that variable. If the variable is declared in a procedure when that procedure is called, only that procedure can use that variable. Hence that variable is considered "Local".

Now Static. Static variables are variables that are created with the static key word as in:- function ab(var1 as integer)as integer static iTotal as integer itotal =iTotal + var1 (rest of ccode goes here) end function

Now when this function is called the first time, iTotal will be assigned the value of var1. The next time the function is called, iTotal will retain the previous value and the new value of var1 will be added to it. Hope this helps. (theTeacha)

Static variables life time is not under any scope.It initializes only one time from creation to delete.let me explain by a pgm.

void main()

{

int a=1;

static s=1;

int k=0;

for(k=0;k<1;k++)

{

i++;

s++;

main();

}

printf("%d is i",&i);

printf(%d is S",&s);

getch();

}

Output will be

2 is i

3 is s

It Shows that local variable initialize every time the function call.But Static variable initializes only once

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For a variable, static means it keeps its value even when the enclosing code is not active--out of scope. A static variable is assigned to a fixed memory location when the program runs, so it is possible to examine a static variable at any time the program is active, even when the function where the var is declared is not active. A local variable is dynamically allocated storage space when a function is called, and its storage is given up when the function ends, so it only exists while the function is executing.

For a function, static declaration means it can only be called from functions in the same file (in C).

No args means no arguments. Just like any regular method, a constructor can have zero or more arguments.

No args means no arguments. Just like any regular method, a constructor can have zero or more arguments.

No args means no arguments. Just like any regular method, a constructor can have zero or more arguments.

No args means no arguments. Just like any regular method, a constructor can have zero or more arguments.

Pseudocode is typically only used to describe the solutions to large problems. It is used to make complex things simple. If part of your pseudocode included telling someone to add two numbers, you would simply write: num1 + num2

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A set of instructions that run on a computer that enables it to execute a specific task is called a program. Computer programs use several different types of calculating to make the computer do what the user wants it to do. One example is binary code programming.

High-level source code is converted to native machine code either by an interpreter or a compiler. Interpreted code requires a runtime in order to perform the conversion each time the program is executed whereas compiled code typically produces a standalone machine code program that can be executed without further interpretation. There are some exceptions, most notably Java which is first compiled to Java byte code which is then interpreted by the Java virtual machine on each execution.

An interpreter always converts high-level code to native machine code but, because it must perform the conversion while the code is executing via the interpreter, interpreted code executes much more slowly than native machine code.

Technically, a compiler is simply a program that converts high-level code to a lower-level code. That lower-level code could be another high-level language. For example, a C++ source could be compiled to produce a C source. However, converting the other way around (such as from C to C++) can only be done manually because humans can think in abstract terms far more easily than machines can.

Low-level assembly language source are converted to machine code using an assembler. Machine code can also be disassembled to produce an assembly-like source known as a disassembly, however the resultant code is extremely low-level because there are no named variables (only memory offsets) and all user-comments will have been stripped out during assembly or compilation.

Arithmetic density is the total number of people divided by the total land area

it like this the total population divided by the total land area that is cultivated or in simple TP/TLA

It's important because knowing the population and the land that they are inhibiting could help knowing how many towns, or city's they can build for the population in the future. If the land is overpopulated, they would need to find a way to take all those people and fit them in. Also, Knowing how many people take up the land can determine how much agricultural density is needed for the people there or in other places. Normally, when land is overpopulated, more people will want to move there. So knowing the population would prepare them for immigrants to come into the area. Hope this helped.

/*

* Purpose : Calculate the factorial of a number

* Inputs : int x -- the number of interest

* Outputs : x! if x is non-negative, -1 otherwise

*/

int factorial (int x)

{

int x_factorial = x;

if (x > 0)

{

while (x > 1)

{

x_factorial *= --x;

}

return x_factorial;

}

else if (x = 0)

return 1;

else

return -1;

}

/*

* Purpose : Calculate the binomial coefficient nCr

* Inputs : int n -- the set size

* int r -- how many to choose

* Outputs : The binomial coefficient nCr if r is valid, -1 otherwise

*/

int nCr (int n, int r)

{

if (r >= 0 && n >= r)

return factorial(n) / (factorial(r) * factorial(n - r));

else

return -1;

}

Making software programs You're not asking much are you? :) To write software you need to be familiar with a programming language like Visual Basic. There are actually many programming languages and some are more suited for different kinds of programming. 'Making' software programs is not at all the same as 'making' computers. I'd suggest you do a little research - do some internet searches, read a few books, take some classes. Your question is really beyond the scope of this forum.

On programming, the first step is to know the languages you intend to use and know the interfaces with the operating system (APIs). Then you need to figure out what you want the program to do overall. Then you got to figure out the overall strategy for doing each of the main functions. Then you start coding. After you get the program working, then you test it and look for bugs and keep coding until you squash all the bugs you can find.

it can be written by words

It is all 1's, no matter how many bits you have. The first 1 is for the negative sign, and you can think of the rest of the number being all 1's, because -1 is the highest negative whole number, then as you go down the negative whole numbers from there, (-2, -3, -4), etc you count backwards from there (always keeping the first 1 as a 1 for the negative sign).

Another way to get a negative number's two complement is to flip all the 1's and 0's, make the first bit a 1, and add 1 to the number

When you add a positive number and a negative form of that number, you get all 0's with a 1 carried to the far left of the number. If for example you have 2 eight bit numbers, one positive and one is 2's complement negative of the positive number

(eg: 2 + -2), it gets all 0's with 1 carried outside of the number - so in a computer it get represented as a 0 (because the 1 gets lost - since these are only 8 bit numbers each)

So the 2 compliment's system makes sense in more then one way.

The Java compiler is written in Java (fun), while the JRE is written in ANSI C.

They are completely unrelated. Java was designed as an attempt to improve C++, and C# was designed as an attempt to improve Java, so they have many things in common. They are not, however, the same language.

Volatile variables are variables that may change value while they are being operated upon. For instance, a hardware clock is constantly updated by the operating system, thus its value is constantly changing. If you refer to the value, you must declare it volatile because the value is outwith the control of the program.

The inventor of Turbo Basic was Robert Zale. Borland bought the rights to it, but when they left the compiler market, they sold the rights back to Robert Zale, where he continued to develop it into an updated version, PowerBASIC.

256 MB = 1/4 of a GB. So there is a fourth of a gigabyte in 256 megabytes.