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Computer Science
Computer Science is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information. It includes the theoretical foundations of information and computation and the practical techniques of applying those foundations to computer systems. Among the many subfields of Computer Science are computer graphics, computer programming, computational complexity theory, and human-computer interaction. Questions about Computer Science, terms such as algorithms and proofs, and methodologies are encouraged in this category.
1,839 Questions
Why was the software invented?
The invention of software (aka computer programs) was just one part of the invention of the stored program computer in the 1940s. Without it a stored program computer is no more than a very complex and expensive electrical heater!
Explain the benefits of using an email in terms of the portability?
There are some very important benefits of email if we are talking about portability:
* You can easily check your message if you are in airport,at work or where you have no other option to check your work.
* When it is any emergency case then you can talk through your mail.
*Last but not the least is,you can easily be in contact with your colleagues when you are out of office.
Can a computer run without hardware?
Yes, It May Sound Little Awkward but it can run without hardware. A computer does not need to be electronic, nor even have a processor, nor RAM, nor even a hard disk. While popular usage of the word "computer" is synonymous with a personal electronic computer, the modern definition of a computer is literally "A device that computes, especially a programmable [usually] electronic machine that performs high speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information". Any device which processes information qualifies as a computer, especially if the processing is purposeful. Historically, computers evolved from mechanical computers and eventually from vacuum tubes to transistors. However, conceptually computational systems as flexible as a personal computer can be built out of almost anything. For example, a computer can be made out of billiard balls (billiard ball computer); an oft-quoted example. More realistically, modern computers are made out of transistors made of photo lithographed semiconductors.
There is active research to make computers out of many promising new types of technology, such as optical computers, DNA computers, neural computers, and quantum computers. Most computers are universal, and are able to calculate any computable function, and are limited only by their memory capacity and operating speed. However different designs of computers can give very different performance for particular problems; for example quantum computers can potentially break some modern encryption algorithms (by quantum factoring) very quickly.
Differences between serial and parallel interfaces?
The difference is that serial transmissions only use 2 wires for transmitting and receiving data, and only 1 for sending or receiving, and can only send one bit at a time. Parallel cables use several wires for data transmission and is much faster than serial thus 8 or more wires are carrying data *parallel* to each other to it's destination. serial data
data (8 bits)
transmit -----------010101010-----------------> single line to transmit on
receive <--------------------------- single line to receive on Parallel data (80 bits)
transmit multiple lines simultaneously
---- 010101001----------->
-----------010101010----------->
-----------010101010----------->
-----------010101001----------->
-----------010101010----------->
-----------010101010----------->
-----------010101001----------->
-----------010101010----------->
-----------010101010----------->
-----------010101001----------->
Difference between finite automata and turing automata or turing machine?
A push down automaton can actually store information in a stack as it processes it. It can then choose what to do next by looking at the top of the stack.
DFAs and NFAs can't do that stuff, but any DFA or NFA can also be represented as a push down automaton.
What is the advantage of using a disk controller to control the hard disk?
The use of a separate disk controller frees the CPU to perform other tasks. In particular, the disk controller can manage DMA transfers, which otherwise would have to be done by the CPU. The disk controller also manages the movement of the disk head and reading or writing of the data on the disk. Again, without the disk controller, the CPU would be forced to perform these operations.
What is microprocessor and explain the parts of microprocessor using block diagram?
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit that serves as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. It executes instructions and performs arithmetic and logic operations. The main parts of a microprocessor include the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for mathematical calculations, the control unit for instruction interpretation and sequencing, registers for temporary data storage, and buses for data and address transmission. These components work together to process data and execute instructions in a computer system.
What is the difference between a computer and a human being?
Computers have no emotions. Humans are able to reason and adapt to constantly changing rules. Computers are given a task that can be fulfilled and improved upon, though it will not be able to show "emotion" and or conscience to change the desired task. We are able to change our surrounding on a whim.
To convert Kilobytes(KB) to Gigabytes(GB) just divide it by 1048576. 1048576 is equal to the square of 1024.
For example:
2000 KB is equal to [2000/(1048576)] GB i.e 0.0019073486328125 GB
What is the difference between a computer engineer and a computer scientist?
Computer science refers to the processes used to create usable computer programs and applications together with all theory behind those processes. Information technology on the other hand refers to the application of computer programs to solve business processes. It is the application of technology in business. Information technology is very vast in terms of scale because it is applied virtually to any type of process that may require automation, from business, scientific research to the music industry, telecoms and banking.
You select the text. To copy the selected text into the clipboard, you press <Ctrl>C, or <Ctrl>X if you want to delete it. To paste it into the second file, press <Ctrl>V.
There are also sequences using the <Insert> and <Delete> keys, but I rarely use them, so I am not familiar with them.
What is the difference between file processing system compare to database system?
2. Saves in temporary locations where as DBMS in well arranged and permanent data base locations
3. In File Sys., transactions are not possible where as various transactions like insert,delete,view,updating etc r possible in DBMS
4. Data will be accessed through single or various files where as in DBMS, tables (schema)
is used to access data
5. A "File manager" is used to store all relationships in directories in File Systems where as a data base manager (administrator) stores the relationship in form of structural tables
6. Last.... but not the least.... Data in data bases are more secure compared to data in files!!
Hope this thing is use ful to one and all!! :) :) ;)
file system is the method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them whereas data base system is a computer software that manages databases.
source: wikipedia
i also want to know about filebased management system and databasemanagement system pls tell me pls
A computerized database is stored in a computer and is very fast at organizing information, and grouping related data.
A manual database is like a filing cabinet, slow and clumsy, and you can lose records down the back.
Data can only be found quickly on one bit of data, for example 'Name' as that will be the only bit visible in the filing cabinet - to find anything else you need to manual go through each and every file in the cabinet.
File system is a system , that collecting a data or files and stored in physical location like hard disk or cd-rom.
And datadase system is an integrated logically-realted-data or records in a common pool from where , multiple users could fetch the data.
File systems are containers of collections. Collections are commonly called directories, and they contains a set of data units commonly called files.
All database architectures provide structures and methods to organise data (called rows) into collections (called Tables) that can be updated. Databases have the ability to commit a set of data changes as one logical unit, and have many users doing this concurrently.
The main difference is that filesystems are the layer underneath a database. The database system is an application and a set of database files. The database files are part of the file system container.
"http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_file_manager_and_a_database-management_system"
1, A database is an integrated collection of logically related records or files consolidated into a common pool that provides data for one or multiple uses.
A file is a package of information with a name attached to it.
2, Databases are basically meant to fragment data into relations store then so that conditioned retrieval is fast and easy.
A file is just for mas storage for future use. Here the conditioned retrieval is not a significant factor.
3, To handle small data sets, file is more efficient than database; that is, consider the stats below,
Test done in a machine (single PC)
Test without condition! Test with condition where names start with 'A'!
File operation was faster Database operation was faster
(I am not including the actual time measured )
For simple operations, read, wright, file operations are faster and simple. But the area where database is of real use is when there is a conditional retrieval of data.
4, Database is real gift in area's where we need to have bulk data (including multimedia) and which includes conditional retrieval. For file operations there are very very tedious operations which involves large processing time.
How many bytes can a 64-bit computer can access information at a time?
Cva:The data rate depends on the bus width. The no. of bytes that can be transferred per bus cycle = buswidth/8;
What contains instructions for the CPU that are used during the booting of the computer?
Assuming the question refers to a PC, (or unambiguously) "personal computer", any computer needs some mechanism with which to "get started". The term "bootstrap" or simply "booting" refers to an old phrase "pulling up by the boot straps" and refers to how one, or something; a computer; gets running.
All computers, even early ones, need instructions to basically tell them what to do first. Early computers needed to have a program loaded (via paper cards, or paper tapes, punched with holes representing data which was read into memory and then run as a program which started "everything up") manually by hand.
Modern computers still need something to "start them" but the instructions needed are stored in permanent memory in an integrated circuit, or "chip", in the computer making the process totally automatic.
In more detail:
The instructions used for starting modern computers is typically called the "BIOS" which is an acronym for "Basic Input Output System". It is this program, or "instructions", which first executes when the computer is first powered up. This program does numerous basic tests checking what the hardware looks like, and that its operating correctly.
After the hardware tests, the BIOS then begins to set up basic operating data in main memory (RAM) outlining what hardware is installed in the computer, and how it works, and how to talk to it.
After all this is done, the BIOS then looks for a device to "boot" from, meaning it looks for any device which has the "right look" for it to have the next program to run. Usually, this is the operating system (OS) which then takes control of the computer from that point on.
The BIOS contains numerous simple ways of "talking" to the rest of the computer. However, most modern operating systems (like Linux, Windows, Apple OS, etc.) have better methods of controlling the computer as they have the ability to "figure out" all the details of the computer whereas the BIOS must work no matter what and can thus only reliably provide simple (basic as in BIOS) functions sufficient for the operating system to "get a clue" and then allow it to take total control of the machine.
Once the BIOS does it's testing and basic setup, it then gives up control of the computer to the operating system which then takes over all operations of the computer.
How do you export your Gmail contacts?
1. Log in into your Gmail.
2. Under trash there is a link called Contacts , just click it.
3. In the new page you can see all of your contacts and also export them
4. Click on the link : Export , in the top and right of the page
5. There in Who do you want to export? select the one that you like
6. In What format would you like to export to? select the best format that you need.
7. Just click the button Export , gmail will prepare the list and will give you a download window that you can download your contacts by it you can also Import the contacts that is as easy as Export. Do you need any further information?
Do not hesitate , Tell me! Thanks
What is Cross functional enterprise system?
O'Brien, JA (2002), pg 127 says that "many organisations are using information technology to develop integrated cross-functional enterprise systems that cross the boundaries of traditional business functions (such as marketing and finance), in order to reengineer and improve vital business pocesses all across the enterprise. These organisations view cross-functional enterprise systems as a strategic way to use IT to share information resources and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business objectives......"
A syntax error is an error raised by a system when it can not understand the input provided by the user. Typically, this means that a developer is writing software, and the system can not understand some of the code that was written by the developer. Some languages require a semi-colon at the end of each line of code; missing a semi-colon would be a syntactical error. Syntax errors may also be created by users, such as an unbalanced parenthesis in a formula. In any event, most systems will not allow the code to compile, be evaluated, or run (depending on the specific use case) until the syntactical error is corrected.
Actually, you do not store information in any program. You store it in a file on a hard drive. The program is what lets you access the information. Usually, large amounts of data that can yield information is managed by a data base system.
What do computer scientists do?
Computer scientists use computers (of course). They also use logic and programming languages to "talk" to the computers. The programming languages that are in common use are: Pascal, C, C++, C#, Java, J++, BASIC, Fortran, Visual Basic among others.
What is the CMOS in computers?
CMOS stands for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor. It is a kind of technology used in some microchips.
As applied to personal computers, CMOS typically refers to the component used to store BIOS (basic input-output system) code because those chips used to be made exclusively with CMOS technology. A CMOS error is the same as a BIOS error.
What type of waves do computers use?
Computers do not use waves, they use a digital signal. Unlike a wave, a digital signal is composed of a sequences of high and low voltages. These voltages remain at a constant voltages for both high and low. For example, a high voltage may be 5v while a low voltage may be -5v. Computers are designed to interpret these as 1s and 0s, or binary - the language of computers.
There are a number of data processing techniques that can be used. The most common ones are batch processing, online processing, real-time processing and distributed processing.
How do you change your background?
The most important factor is to start corectly, whatever wallpaper you are hanging. This is to start from a corner of the room, but not right into the corner but a couple of inches away from the corner. This is because the walls of a house are not usually perfectly flat or perfectly straight and the ceilings are not exactly horizontal.
So, about 2 inches from the corner and near the ceiling, make a mark on the wall with pencil. Then hang a plumb bob, a weight on a string, and put more pencil marks on the wall downwards. to show how the plumb bob has given you an exactly vertical starting line. That is where you hang your first length of wallpaper with the edge of the wallpaper following the vertical line marks, Then you can hang the second length exactly next to the first until you reach another corner. Cut along the length of the next sheet so that it will turn the corner by two or three inches.
Never hang a length which overhangs a corner by more than two or three inches. Use your plumb bob and pencil again when you work away from the corner.
