Digestive System

Metabolizing food is a chemical change because it converts food into energy.

Most people might think the stomach was the main digestive system organ, but I'm inclined to think the intestines are the most critical component. People can have surgeries to shrink their stomach size to very small, but the intestines are where nutrients pass to the blood stream.

The liver and pancreas are two important organs that lie outside the digestive tube but play crucial roles in the digestive process. The liver produces bile, which helps emulsify fats for better digestion and absorption. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

True. Bile salts help emulsify fats by breaking down large fat globules into smaller fat droplets, which increases the surface area for enzymes to digest fats more efficiently.

The organ in the digestive system where the chemical breakdown of food primarily occurs is the stomach. Here, gastric acids and enzymes break down food into smaller particles for further digestion and absorption in the intestines.

A planarian is a non parasitic flatworm commonly found in ponds and rivers. Digestive enzymes are secreted from their mouth, then the pharynx moves the food to the gastrovascular cavity, where nutrients diffuse to the rest of the body.

When swallowed, food is referred to as a bolus. This is a mass of chewed food mixed with saliva that travels down the esophagus to the stomach for further digestion.

Barium sulfate is used in X-ray imaging of the gastrointestinal system because it is radio-opaque, meaning it shows up clearly on X-ray images. When a patient ingests a barium sulfate suspension, it coats the inside of the digestive tract, allowing the radiologist to visualize the structures of the stomach and intestines more clearly during imaging procedures.

No, you need taste buds, not saliva to taste food.

The absorption of amino acids, simple sugars (such as glucose), vitamins and minerals involves active transport processes. in contrast, the products of fat (fatty acids) digestion are lipid-soluble molecules and are able to diffuse easily through the membranes of the intestinal cells.

The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid. The acid is produced by special cells called parietal or oxyntic cells. The pH of stomach acid is between 1 - 2. For more details see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid

Which one of the following correctly represents the order in which food coming into the body passes through the structures of the digestive system?

Food moves from the mouth to the pharynx, then on to the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, and finally the large intestine.

Vasocontriction throughout the intestinal tract during sympathetic discharge helps redistribute the blood and makes it easier for the heart to maintain higher diastolic blood pressure. This increases blood flow to major muscle groups and in turn permits increased oxygenation and energy utilisation, both of which are necessary during situations where physical exertion may have a (perceived) survival benefit.

Bacteria in mutualistic relationships with plants can provide essential nutrients, such as nitrogen, by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for the plants. This helps the plants with their growth and development, especially in nutrient-poor soils.

The act of digestion consists of hundreds of separate decomposition reactions. Digestion occurs in the mouth as soon as you eat something. The enzyme amylase begins to decompose proteins by breaking the peptide bonds that hold them together. Complex carbohydrates are also broken down into simpler sugars which the body can burn for energy right away. These processes continue in the stomach and small intestines as well with different chemicals, like the enzymes pepsin and peptidase, which are specific to those organs. Generally speaking, proteins are broken down into amino acids, and polysaccharides, with their glycocemic bonds, are broken down into glucose. Unsaturated fats can be broken down as well, but saturated fats, with their long carbon chains, are very difficult to break down, which is why they are stored as fat.

The trypsin digest of the peptide Ala-Glu-Lys-Phe-Val-Cys-Tyr-Met-Gly-Phe would yield the following fragments: Ala-Glu-Lys, Phe-Val-Cys-Tyr, Met-Gly, Phe. Trypsin cleaves at the C-terminus of lysine and arginine residues, so the peptide is cleaved at the Lys residue.

The pH of stomach acid typically ranges from 1.5 to 3.5. After taking an antacid, which is a base that neutralizes stomach acid, the pH of the stomach acid is expected to increase, becoming less acidic and moving closer to a neutral pH of 7.

An amino acid is composed of an amino group (NH2), a carboxylic acid group (COOH), and a side chain (R group) attached to a central carbon atom. The specific structure of the side chain distinguishes different amino acids from each other.

it is all to do with a buffer system in the stomach! the body has many of these systems! its to ensure homostasis! the mucus in the walls of the stomach protect from selfdigestion! the stomach contains hcl which is concentrated! this is what keeps the pH low!

The nerves of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as the enteric nervous system. It controls the movement of food and secretions within the digestive system independently of the brain and spinal cord.

Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into maltose, which is a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules.

Macromolecule digestion typically begins in the mouth with the breakdown of carbohydrates by amylase. Further digestion of macromolecules like proteins and lipids occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of various enzymes such as pepsin and pancreatic lipase.

GWAY-ak refers to a type of antibody that can be tested for in the stool to detect gastrointestinal infections caused by certain bacteria like Campylobacter jejuni. A positive result indicates the presence of antibodies against this bacteria in the stool sample, suggesting an active infection that may be causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Further evaluation and treatment may be needed based on these test results.

Fiber-rich vegetables like leafy greens, carrots, and bell peppers will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion. The human body cannot fully break down the fiber found in these vegetables, so they largely remain intact as they pass through the digestive system.