Earth Sciences

The force of gravity on the earth is 9.8 m/s^2

The idea that the continents were once one super-continent and subsequently moved apart is the basis of the theory of continental drift. Continental drift was first proposed as a scientific hypothesis with evidences by Alfred Wegener early in the twentieth century. Unfortunately, the evidence he was able to cite, such as similarities in coastline geographies and fossils on either side of the Atlantic, did not provide an explanation for the mechanism which caused it to happen. In Wegener's theory, the continents were somehow able to plow through the oceans. It wasn't until the mid-twentieth century that the Atlantic Ridge system was discovered. Further investigation revealed that the magnetic orientation of rock on either side of the ridge matched the orientation on the other side of the ridge, providing the proof for the mechanism that caused the continents to move apart. Basaltic magma was infilling the area on either side of the ridge to create new continental crust. Subduction of older, denser oceanic crust takes place at collision zones where it meets less dense oceanic and continental crust. The whole process is driven by gravity and heat from the Earth's interior via convection currents in the mantle. The process is no longer called continental drift, but is referred to as plate tectonics.
Alfred Wagner's theory was that the sea floor was spreading, causing the continents to 'drift'. The theory was originally tossed aside because the fact that the continents fitted together was not sufficient.

Yes, but the greater pull is offset by greater inertia. In a vacuum, a very heavy weight and a very light weight would drop to earth at the same rate and would hit the ground together if dropped from the same height.

The phase change occurring in glaciers is solid to solid, where water vapor or liquid water freezes into solid ice. Over time, this process of accumulation and compaction of snow forms the dense ice masses that make up glaciers.

Seasonal cycles can impact population dynamics, but they are not considered a density-dependent limiting factor. Density-dependent factors depend on the population size, such as competition for resources or predation. Seasonal cycles can affect populations through environmental changes like temperature or precipitation variations.

You probably mean our Earth. The diameter d of Earth from North Pole to South Pole is 12,713.54 kilometers (7,899.83 miles), but through the equator it is 12,756.32 kilometers (7,926.41 miles). This difference, 42.78 kilometers (26.58 miles), is only 1/298 the diameter of Earth. Thus the Earth is 42.78 kilometers or 25 miles wider than it is tall, giving it a slight bulge at the equator. This is only 0.3 percent, too small to be seen visually. To calculate the circumference C use the formula: C = pi times d. pi = 3.141592654...

Tensional stress force pulls on the crust and stretches rock. This type of stress occurs where tectonic plates are moving away from each other.

Rainbows are caused by sunlight glinting off tiny water particles in the sky, bouncing the light back towards the observer. In other words, any time you see a rainbow directly in front of you, the Sun is directly behind you, and your shadow points at the center of the circle the rainbow is describing. This does not require warm weather.

Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. Its successful launch marked the beginning of the space age and initiated the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Sputnik 1 also had significant implications for science, technology, and geopolitics.

Glacial deposits are layers of rock, above the bedrock, as produced by the recent ice age(s), the glaciers as they moved across the planet, would pick up debris along the way, and as they moved, to say the area of, Washington State, besides, forming the Puget Sound Basin, called, a Fjord, later melting and leaving behind the various deposits, possibly gem material, gold, diamod's, etc. So theoretically, there could be, deposits, left by recent glaciation, rich in valuable minerals,

Magnets are useful because they create a magnetic field that can attract or repel other magnets or magnetic materials. They are commonly used in various applications such as electronic devices, motors, generators, and medical equipment. Magnets also play a role in everyday items like refrigerator magnets and magnetic clasps.

Organisms that cannot produce their own food are called heterotrophs. They must obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or organic matter. Examples include animals, fungi, and some types of bacteria.

Found in any good dictionary or on Wikipedia................A magnet (from Greek μαγνήτις λίθος magnḗtis líthos, Magnesian stone) is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials like iron and attracts or repels other magnets.Just a little side note: Don't try to answer the question before you learn where to find the answer. Study Habits 101.

the reason you wouldn't see chloroplasts is because the onion root tip is underground where light can not reach and why would it need chloroplasts if it didn't need to produce energy form light?

The sun is a G2V star. The sun has lived for 4.3 billion years and believes that will last for more 7 billion years. This belongs to the Population I group of stars that contains large amounts of denser elements.

The Earth is a sphere. Maps are flat.

Therefore when you try and make a representation of a sphere (the Earth) as a flat map, you introduce some distortions.

The process of making a flat map from a sphere is called projection and there are a number of different projections that you can use, each with different distortions (e.g. an equal area projection, a Mercator projection etc). Therefore you need a variety of maps (projections) depending on what you want to use the map for.

The Sun is nearest star to Earth. Its light takes about 8 min. 20.33 sec. to reach to Earth. Its mine the distance of the Sun is near about 150 million km.

Some other names of gases include vapor, fumes, exhaust, and emissions. These terms are often used to describe gases in specific contexts, such as industrial processes, environmental pollution, or chemical reactions.

its the mantle, taking up 82% of the Earth's volume with a 2900 km-thick shell.

The inner core of the Earth is solid because of high pressure caused by the weight of the layers above it, and the heat generated by radioactive decay. The outer core, however, is molten due to the high temperatures created by this heat.

Summer. North America is located in the northern hemisphere while Australia is located in the southern hemisphere, so the seasons are exactly opposite.

A simple explanation would be using the Sun's position. When it is winter in North America, the Sun is shining at a lower angle, experiencing less sunlight (daytime). As such, the Sun would naturally be shining at a higher angle in Australia, experiencing summer, with longer daytime (more sunlight).

The farthest star from Earth is currently believed to be Icarus, which is located about 9 billion light years away. This star was observed using the Hubble Space Telescope in 2018. It is so far away that its light took about 9 billion years to reach us.