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Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.

23,056 Questions

How can an electrical engineer start a business?

It depends on the kind of business he or she wants to start. The first step is to create a business plan. You will need to decide what niche or specialty your business will occupy (why should people come to you, in other words); what kind of service you will provide; and who your target audience will be (what age group, for example). Once you know what kind of business you want to open and where there is a need for it, you can then begin to make the plan. You will need financing to start -- for example, if your business is in a store or an office, you will need money for rent; you will perhaps need to hire assistants; you will need to promote and publicize your business so that people will know about it and try it. These are all factors to consider even before you begin to have customers. Once you know what you want to do and where you want to do it, work with some people who are experienced with financing and with writing business plans. Having a good plan will give you the knowledge you need to help your new business to grow.

Two resisters have the same resistance but different cross sectional area what is difference?

If two resistors of have same value but different in shape or cross sectional area, as you said so. Then the difference may be the length of the other resistor. In short, one resistors cross sectional area is wide and other is lenghty.

Are overhead power lines insulated?

Overhead power lines are insulated from ground, typically using strings of glass or ceramic insulators. The wire itself is bare, though - it does not have insulation on it. There are many different types of overhead power line, but I'm not aware of any that actually have insulation.

How does heat trace work?

Trace heating is a linear high resistive cable that emits heat under load and maintains a contant temperatur when fixed to water pipes/oil tank etc

Why does one trace of the oscilloscope traces have to be inverted to display the voltage and current with the correct phase relationship?

One trace of the oscilloscope traces have to be inverted to display the voltage and current with the correct phase relationship because you are probably connecting to both sides of a small resistor in series with the load. The supply side shows voltage, while the load side shows voltage drop for the load. You are showing differential voltage across the resistor in the second trace and, of course, its negative.

If, however, you are using a current probe, perhaps a clamp-on ammeter, I would question if you have it connected correctly.

How can a 110 volt table saw be rated 4 horsepower at 15 amps?

it cant someone in marketing is lying

Regarding any electrical equipment, especially motors, 746 watts or volt-amps is 1 horsepower. If your table saw is rated 4 horsepower, that would be 2984 volt-amps and at 110 volts that calculates to 27 amps. The above answer is correct. At 110 volts you cannot run a 4 horsepower motor on a 15 amp circuit.

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The above theoretical answer is correct however you should allow extra for efficiency less than 100% and a power factor less than 1, so the current requirement should be increased by 25% to 34 amps.

<<>>The rule of thumb for motors at 240 v is 7 amps per HP, which would be 28 amps for 4 HP, but because the voltage is less the current must be more, 28x240/110 which is 61 amps.

What does 193 kva set mean?

KVA is an acronym for killo volt - amperes. It is a measure of power (both real and reactive) defined as P = Vrms * Irms. If there is a power factor associated with this, it can be used to separate the real and reactive power:
P(real) = Vrms * Irms * pf
P(reactive) = Vrms * Irms * (1 - pf)

What is mean by stalling protection of motors?

My Understanding for stalling protection

When the motor is overloaded or the Stalling or locking the rotor overheat generated , due the presence the stalling protection operates.

What instrument would you use to determine the phase of a transformer?

I'm not sure I understand the question. If you are asking if it's single or 3 phase, this will be marked on the name plate.

A flashlight has two D cells 1.5 V placed end to end What current rating should the bulb have to deliver 6.0 W?

4A,

P=IU

I = P/U

I= 6.0W/1.5V

I=4A

or let the units help you:

P(power) in measured in J.s-1 and I (current) in C.s-1, and U(potensial difference) in J.C-1 thus you have :

I (C.s-1) = P(J.s-1 )/U(J.C-1 ) = I(s-1/C-1) =I(C.s-1)

How to measure phase angle on a scope?

To measure phase angle on a scope, connect the two inputs to the two sources, trigger off of one, and watch both. Measure the period of one and compare crossover difference with the other as a percentage of the period of the first, times 360 degrees.

Make sure the peak to peak offset for both inputs is equal, otherwise the crossover voltage won't be right.

Note that the period is 100% and is equivalent to 360 degrees. One way to make the calculation easier is to adjust the horizontal calibration so the first input has a period equal to 36 minor divisions - each division will equal 10 degrees in this case.

Also note, if you are comparing voltage and current, that your polarity is correct. This can be an issue if you are measuring across a small series resistor - the high side is voltage and the high to low side differential is current - but it is inverted.

Why are AC and DC resistance different?

An AC current tends to flow towards the surface of a conductor due to a phenomenon called the 'skin effect', which acts to reduce the effective cross-sectional area of that conductor.

Since resistance is directly-proportional to the cross-sectional area of a conductor, the conductor's resistance to an AC current is, therefore, higher than its resistance to a DC current (which distributes itself across the full cross-sectional area). We call this elevated value of resistance, AC resistance.

The skin effect increases with frequency to such an extent that, at radio frequencies, there is little point in using solid conductors and tubes are used instead. At mains' frequencies (50/60 Hz), however, the skin effect is moderate and, so, the value of a conductor's AC resistance is only slightly elevated compared to its true resistance.

It's important not to confuse the term 'AC resistance' with 'reactance', which is a function of a conductor's inductance and/or capacitance, and the frequency of the supply.

What is purpose of demagnetizing test during current transformer test?

The residual magnetisation present in the current transformer coils may cause the errors during measurement of high currents. So that it is necessary to check that.

Identify the correct statement of Ohms Law?

Ohm's Law states that 'the current flowing along a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the ends of that conductor, providing all physical conditions, such as temperature, remain constant'.

Unfortunately, Ohm's Law applies to very few conductors and, so, hardly qualifies as a 'law' at all!

How do you connect a Three Phase Furnas-Siemens 16CF32BGABY magnetic starter?

The incoming three phase feeders connect to L1, L2, and L3. The feeders going to the motor from the starter come from terminals T1, T2 and T3.

Before you do any work yourself,
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized

IF YOU ARE NOT REALLY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.

What is the total resistance if they have equal resistances in series in each of rows in parallel?

If the overall load consists of:

'R' = resistance of each individual resistor

'S' = number of resistors in each series row

'P' = number of series rows connected in parallel,

then the effective overall DC resistance of the entire network is

[ R S / P ]

A circuit has a voltage of 240 volts and an inductive reactance of 30 ohms what is the current flow?

A circuit with a voltage of 240 volts and an inductive reactance of 30 ohms would have a current of 8 amperes.

Reactance works just like resistance. The difference is that the phase angle between voltage and current is not zero, so the ratio of true power versus apparent power is not one.

Phase angle and power factor depend on frequency. This was not specified in the question, so it is not answered.

How do currents flow round two series and parallel circuits?

In a series circuit, the current does not change. It is simple the total voltage divided by the total impedence. However, in a parallel circuit the current splits. More current will go down the path with less impedence, and vice versa. For example, you have two parallel branches, 1 and 2, with resistances R1 and R2 respectively. Also, the total current flowing is I, while the current down each branch is I1 and I2.

I1= I(R2)/(R1+R2)

I2= I(R1)/(R1+R2)

Also note that I1 + I2 = I.

How you would use the water flow to demonstrate a high voltage of electric current?

Electricity and water are often compared to help explain how electricity works.

Voltage is like the speed of water in a river, and electrical current is like the amount of water in the river. Resistance can be compared to the physical width of the river.

Power is voltage times current, or the speed of the water times the amount of water. Electricity is usually most dangerous when it is available at high power - similar to a huge, fast moving river.

What should be real and reactive power flow through the transmission line when the sending end and receiving end voltages are of same magnitudes and phase angles?

The power transfer equation is this:

P = V1*V2*sin(phi)/Xt,

V1 = source 1 voltage
V2 = source 2 voltage
phi = angle between the two sources
Xt = transfer impedance, the impedance of the line + both source impedances

From this you can see that if the angle between the two sources is 0, then the power transferred would be zero as well.

Reactive power flow *should* be zero if perfectly matched as well, although there will be a small amount of reactive power usage due to line charging (charging current).

What are the side-effects from transformer oil?

side effects from leaking transformer oils in the early 1970's. Heart, kidney diseases?

The statement current is equal to the voltage difference divided by the resistance is known as?

Ohm's Law.

Answer

Actually, Ohm's Law makes no mention of 'resistance', and the equation to which you refer is actually derived from the definition of the ohm, and not from Ohm's Law.

Ohm's Law simply describes the linear relationship that exists between current and voltage in some, but not all, conductors.

Incidentally, there is no such thing as a 'voltage difference' because voltage is synonymous with potential difference, so 'voltage difference' is the same as saying 'potential difference difference'!

What is a resistance circuit?

It does not contain unidirectional output

Answer

A purely resistive circuit is an 'ideal' circuit that contains resistance, but not inductance or capacitance.

What is the difference between electricity and electrical energy?

Electricity is the flow of electrons, while electrical energy is the magnitude of the electricity times the duration.

Comment

'Electricity' is a generic title for a branch of science, and is not a quantity and so cannot be measured. Current is the flow of electrons, not 'electricity', and current x time is charge, not energy. 'Electrical energy' is simply a form of energy which can be measured by the work it can do.

What is gate diffusion input?

Gate diffusion input is defined as the new technique of low power digital combination of circuit design. This allows reduced power consumption and delayed propagation.