Electrical Wiring

You need: two pieces of wire, a battery, an electric light bulb to work on the same voltage as the battery and a bulb holder that fits the bulb.

Connect one wire to the positive post of the battery and the other end of this wire to one of the terminals on the bulb holder.

Connect the other wire to the negative post of the battery and the other end to the other terminal of the bulb holder. Screw the bulb into the holder and the bulb should light up.

Another answer

There are many different types of light bulbs. Some, such as automobile lights and solar garden lights, were designed for use with batteries.

Ordinary light bulbs have an electric wire that glows brightly when the right voltage is applied. These will work with either direct current from batteries or alternating current from a power line or generator, but the amount of voltage must be correct for the specific light bulb or, if the voltage is too low, it will not illuminate properly. If the voltage is too high the light bulb will be destroyed.

Fluorescent light bulbs normally work from alternating current, but a direct current adapter called a DC inverter can be used to change battery power to alternating current.

Western Union/Lineman Splice

The Western Union or Lineman splice was developed during the introduction of the telegraph to mechanically terminate aerial conductors that were subject to loading stress. The wrapping pattern is designed to cause the termination to tighten as the conductors pull against each other. This type of splice is more suited to solid, rather than stranded conductors, and is fairly difficult to complete. The termination shall comply with all the requirements of NASA-STD-8739.3 for a solder termination, including the following: a. The conductor ends shall be parallel to, and in contact with, each other.

b. The conductors shall exhibit proper insulation spacing.

c. The wraps shall be tight, with no gaps between adjacent turns. The wraps shall not overlap, and the ends of the wrap shall be trimmed flush prior to soldering to prevent protruding ends.

d. The completed solder termination and any exposed metallization shall be over-sleeved with transparent / translucent heat shrink tubing.

e. The termination shall not be located in a flexure zone and shall be provided acceptable stress relief.

Testing to determine Lineman Splice 22 AWG wire pre-solder condition compared to Lineman Splice 22 AWG wire post-solder condition

In order to determine the reliability of the Lineman Spliced connections pull testing was performed on 5 samples of Lineman Splices with 22 AWG wire compared to the tensile strength of an unspliced piece of 22 AWG wire. The same testing was also performed on 5 samples of Lineman Splices with 16 AWG wire compared to the tensile strength of an unspliced 16 AWG wire. The results are as follows:

� The average tensile strength of the 22AWG wire un-spliced was 20.7 lbs and the average tensile strength of the 16 AWG wire un-spliced was 62.6 lbs. � The average tensile strength of the wire before breakage was 17.7 lbs for the Linman splice using 22 AWG, and 58.9 lbs for the Lineman splice using 16 AWG. (See summary below) � There were no failures at the splice area where the solder connection was made. In every sample the wire broke outside the splice area usually close to the point where the wire was secured to the pull tester.

As one can see the tensile strength of the spliced wire is very close to the tensile strength of the un-spliced wires.

It is thought that the reason the spliced wire did not meet the tensile strength of the un-splice wires is due to the slight offset of the wires at the splice causing an uneven stress where the wires were being held in the pull test fixture.

Conclusion:

In no case was there any failure of the wires at the splice connection. In every splice sample the wire break was outside the splice area. The tensile testing showed that the solder connection at the splice was as strong or stronger than the un- spliced wires and there is no reliability issue associated with this type of splice. Based on this study Lineman Splicing can be a reliable, secure means of splicing wires together.

Wire Gauge Average Tensile strength(Un-spliced Wire) Average Tensile strength (Lap Splice)

22 AWG 20.7 lbs 17.7 lbs

16 AWG 62.6 lbs 58.9 lbs

For countries in Europe and other world areas running a 50 Hz supply service.

A double gang wall socket has two outlets so you can plug two appliances into it.

A single gang wall socket has only one outlet, so you can plug just one appliance into it.

Note: You can plug a two-way adaptor into any socket outlet but this is only safe to do if the appliances you want to use take very little power. Such things as table lamps, a television and a hi-fi, a PC and a printer, etc. are all low-power appliances so they can be used safely with a two-way adaptor.

If you need to use more than two low-power appliances in a room that only has a single gang or a double gang wall socket then, for safety, you must use a multi-way socket panel. Such a multi-way panel has a cable with a plug so it can be plugged into any wall socket outlet.

Such multi-way panels are available from hardware stores and usually have between 2 and 8 socket outlets on them. Such a multi-way socket panel should always include a fuse to prevent all the appliances plugged in to it from overloading the wall socket.

For USA, Canada and other countries running a 60 Hz supply service.

Generally speaking when you say single gang or double gang, a single gang is two sockets and a double gang is wider and accomodates four sockets. You wouldn't normally say single gang socket. You would say single gang box or single gang face plate. which would be two sockets not one.