Electronics Engineering

The atomic packing factor (APF) influences the density, strength, and thermal properties of a crystal. A higher APF typically results in a denser crystal structure with stronger interatomic bonding, leading to higher density and increased mechanical strength. Additionally, a higher APF can also improve thermal conductivity due to the closer proximity of atoms in the crystal lattice.

Yes, watts is still volts times amps, for both ac and dc circuits. The complexity lies in the phase angle between voltage and current. If the circuit is purely resistive, the phase angle will be zero. If the circuit is capacitive or inductive, the the phase angle will vary, depending on frequency and on how much capacitive or inductive reactance there is. The difference comes into play when you consider true versus apparent power.

A short circuit bar is a safety feature on railway systems that protects against electrical failures by providing a path for excess current to flow, preventing damage to equipment. It helps to ensure the safe and smooth operation of trains by rapidly detecting and disrupting any potentially hazardous electrical faults.

Silver, copper, and gold are the best metal conductors, with silver being the most conductive. They are often used in electrical wiring and circuitry due to their high conductivity.

Solar panels are rated very strange. Isc is current short circuit. The voltage is Eoc, or voltage open circuit.

The two are multiplied to get the power rating of the panel under max sun.

Problems here include:

1. Max sun is rare (2 to 5 hours a day is considered a normal "sun day")

2. You can not ever reach the current of short and voltage open condition.

A typical 100 watt panel may supply 76 watts at full sunlight. That means you will see 152 to 300 watts a day from a 100 watt panel. Hardly being honest.

when the magnitude of voltage of a source is controlled by another small voltage source in the circuit the former is called voltage controlled voltage source and the later is called controller voltage source.

The Current in a automobile is DC, you have a battery which is dc, and your alternator produces ac current but converts it to DC inside the alternator unit which gives your battery DC power. So basically everything in your car is DC.

There really is no fixed answer. Amps are a measure of current, while watts are a measure of work. To get the answer, you need to know either how many volts you are dealing with, or how much resistance; the relationship is W= V*I (where I is the current in amps). That said, for a typical 120 volt household current, the number of watts would be 180.

Amperes represents a flow of charge (coulombs) in a circuit in a period of time (seconds). In order to have that flow, you have to have conductance, which is the inverse of resistance. Since the conductance of two circuits not connected to each other is zero (infinite resistance, neglecting leakage) there can be no current flow between disjoint circuits. A node is a junction between two elements in a circuit, such as the connection between a resistor and a light bulb. If you consider that the only circuit between those two elements contains that node, and that leakage is inconsequential in comparision to the conductance of the circuit, then you have to note that the current entering the node must be the same as the current leaving the node. In fact, this is Kirchoff's Current Law: The sum of the currents entering a node must equal the sum of the currents leaving a node. (Usually, we think of current entering to be one sign (+) and current leaving to be the other sign (-), so the sum of all currents relative to the node is zero.) Expand this thinking little by little to encompass the elements in the circuit. Again, there is no path for current to flow other than through the elements of the circuit. This means that the current in every part of the circuit is the same. Keep in mind that this applies only to series circuits. In a parallel circuit, current can branch out between two elements connected to a node supplied by another element. In that case, the current in each branch will be different, depending on the resistance and voltage of that path. Circuit analysis is simply the consolidation of a complex circuit into a simple circuit by repeated application of various conversions, such as Norton and Thevanin equivalents, with the ultimate goal of knowing the voltage, current, and resistance for each element.

The ohm is the unit of electrical resistance to current flow. More ohms (more resistance), the less current will flow. Less ohms (less resistance), the more current will flow. One ohm is defined as the amount of resistance that will cause one ampere of current to flow if the supply voltage is one volt. Ohm's law states that amps = volts / ohms So, if you had a 12 volt battery, and you connected a load, say a heating element that had a resistance of 3 ohms, how much current would flow in the circuit? amps = 12 volts / 3 ohms amps = 4

I depends on the application for a rate amplifier the exact value is mandatory but for filtering that can vary greatly since every cap of that type has a very large -/+ tolerance YOU may install a greater voltage breakdown but never a less then the original

Semiconductors are useful in electronics because they can selectively conduct electrical current, making them ideal for building devices like transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. These components are the building blocks of modern electronics and are essential for applications ranging from computers and smartphones to medical devices and renewable energy systems.

in negative feedback. when an enzyme (negative feed back mechanism) produces too much of a molecule or substance that substance binds to the enzymes allosteric site to hault production of that substance (negative feedback response). and the whole process is the negative feedback loop.

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Elements that have gained or lost an electrons are called IONS. Ones that gained electrons (non-metals) and are therefore negatively charged, and known as ANIONS, and those that lost electrons (metals), are positively charged and known as CATIONS

LBDT stands for Linear Variable Differential Transformer, which is used as a transducer to convert linear displacement into an electrical signal. It consists of a primary coil, a secondary coil, and a movable core that changes position based on the object being measured, resulting in a proportional electrical output signal.

No, in a charged capacitor, one plate has a positive charge and the other plate has a negative charge. The magnitude of the charges on the plates is equal and opposite, resulting in a net charge of zero for the entire capacitor.

A magnetic field is created by moving electric charges. When electric charges move, they generate a magnetic field that exerts a force on other moving charges within the field. materials such as iron and nickel can also create magnetic fields due to the alignment of their atomic magnetic moments.

Not usually. In most applications you want a linear response in voltage to stimulus with as low a time constant for change as possible. This is the ideal and not completely achievable or justified by the cost. As a rule the smaller the stimulus being measured the less desirable hysteresis. Think of an elephant sitting on the scale it takes some moments for the springs and counter weights to reach an equilibrium. A funny thing though. In biology most sensory receptors show some type of hysteresis. That may be because they respond with a frequency encoded response though.

1 ampere is one Coulomb per second or 6.25E18 electrons per second.

According a chart by Cooper-Bussman, voltage from 3 to 10 milliamps is painful, but not dangerous. From 10 to 40 milliamps is what is called the "let go threshold". When you reach that threshold your muscles have convulsed so hard that you can not let go of the conductor.

A triac turns off when the current flowing through it drops below the holding current level. This typically occurs when the voltage across the triac falls below the minimum holding voltage required to keep it in the conducting state.

Potatoes contain water and minerals that make them conductive. When a potato is pierced with electrodes, the minerals and water create a path for electricity to flow through, allowing it to conduct electricity.

The SI Base Unit of electric current is the ampere(symbol: A), which is defined in terms of its magnetic effect, as follows: 'that constant current which, when maintained in two straight, parallel, conductors of infinite length and negligible circular cross-sectional area, and placed one metre apart in a vacuum, would produce between them a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newton per metre of length.'

Germanium diodes have a lower forward voltage drop compared to silicon diodes, making them suitable for low voltage applications. However, they have higher leakage current and are more temperature sensitive. Silicon diodes, on the other hand, have higher forward voltage drop but are more stable over a wider temperature range and have lower leakage current.