Electronics Engineering

An autorecloser is a circuit breaker equipped with a mechanism that can automatically close the breaker after it has been opened due to a fault.

They are used in coordinated protection schemes for overhead line power distribution circuits. These circuits are prone to transitory faults such as nearby lightning strikes, wind-borne debris, squirrels climbing insulators, and the like. With a conventional circuit breaker or fuse, a transient fault would open the breaker or blow the fuse, disabling the line until a technician could manually reclose the circuit breaker or replace the blown fuse. But an autorecloser will make several pre-programmed attempts to re-energize the line. If the transient fault has cleared, the autorecloser's circuit breaker will remain closed and normal operation of the power line will resume. If the fault is some sort of a permanent fault (downed wires, tree branches lying on the wires, etc.) the autorecloser will exhaust its pre-programmed attempts to re-energize the line and remain tripped off until manually commanded to try again.

Autoreclosers are made in single-phase and three-phase versions, and use either oil or vacuum interrupters. Controls for the reclosers range from the original electromechanical systems to digital electronics with metering and SCADA functions. The ratings of reclosers run from 40 amperes at 2400 volts up to 1200 amperes at 35000 volts.

A circuit works through a series of components mainly resistors, capacitors, and IC's. There are different types of IC's the main groups are AND, OR, NOR, & NAND. Those are just the basics you first learn about when dealing with electronics. These IC's work from what we call the binary code which is just a bunch of 1's and 0's. 1 is a logical high which gives you a positive voltage and 0 is a logical low which gives you no voltage. Lets say you have an and gate hooked up to a 150ohm resistor(it's used for voltage protection of your component)connected to a simple LED. In order to get this LED to have a logical high both inputs A and B have to get a high in order for your output to be high which in return allows voltage to pass through the resistor to your LED this powering your light emmitting diode. i hope this helped.
A circuit is just that a circuit of something. In electricity, it is the flow of electricity from the power source, through the wires, and back to the power source. You flip a switch, the power flows to the device, and continues back completing the circuit.

there are two diodes there but to use them as rectifiers never

A Class-D Amplifier is an electronic device that takes energy from a power supply and uses it to increase the power of a signal. CD Amplifiers can be found in common electronics such as home theater systems, mobile phones, and subwoofers. Their advantages include high efficiency and reduced size and cost.

In the sense that TVs must radiate photons in at least the visible light spectrum for you to even see what's on the screen, yes, they're radioactive. However, very, very little of this radiation is ionizing radiation (x-rays, gamma rays, beta rays, etc.), and thus is completely harmless to you. The dust collected on the TV's screen because of its static electrical field does have slight amounts of ionizing radiation though, because some of that dust is the naturally produced, radioactive isotope, 222Rn, that's always floating around in the background. Also, if your TV is very old, its X-ray shielding could be compromised, and thus could give you a very small, pretty-much harmless dose of X-ray radiation if you were sitting less than two inches from the screen.

In FSK the output frequency is dependent on the input bit stream. Here 2 (for Binary FSK) different carrier frequencies are used and they are switched according to input bit stream. When input is at logic1 output is freq. f1 and when input at logic0 output is freq. f2, where f1 and f2 are different.

A farad is a unit of measure of capacitance. A capacitor of C farads charged up to V volts has charge of Q = CV (measured in coulombs). But this is still not power. If the capacitor is then completely discharged in say two seconds half of the power is provided than if it is discharged twice as fast (in one second). This is current. That is I = C dV/dT (amperes). dV or delta V = V if it is completely discharged. dV = 0.7*V if it is discharged to 0.3*V for example. Power is the current multiplied by the voltage (watts). So if the capacitor is completely discharged in T amount of time the power delivered is P = C * V * V / T. Or if the capacitor is charged up from zero charge to V volts in time T then the formula above is the P consumed to charge up the capacitor of C farads. You can think of capacitance as volume as in liters, cubic centimeters, or gallons. Using this analogy current would be flow rate such as gallons per minute, cc's per minute, or liters per second. I am not positive on this but I think voltage in this analogy could be thought of as pressure such as psi or bars. So power would be something like gpm * psi. In this analogy you are asking how do you convert gallons to a usable unit of power.

There are four main categories of computers namely super computer, mainframe, minicomputer and microcomputer. The have similar functions only that their performance levels vary with the super computer being the most powerful one.

zero

It depends on the air capacitor -basically how far apart its plates are. Its voltage rating will normally be printed somewhere on the capacitor, and is usually expressed as a d.c. voltage which means that an a.c. voltage applied to it must be reduced so that its peak value (as opposed to its r.m.s. voltage) is no greater than the d.c. voltage rating (in fact, because of variations in supply voltage, a factor of safety should also be built in when using a.c.).

A closed loop control system is a set of mechanical or electronic devices that automatically regulates a process variable to a desired state or set point without human interaction. Closed loop control systems contrast with open loop control systems, which require manual input.

block diagram

Digital signals allow error-correction to be encoded into the signal thus ensuring high-quality transmissions over a much greater distance than would be possible with analog transmissions.

Digital signals have a much higher rate of transmission, with fibre optic providing the optimum transmission rate.

Digital signals use less bandwidth, thus allowing a greater number of independent transmission channels over a given band of frequencies with no cross-talk between channels.

Digital signals can interleave audio, video and data in the same signal. This is what makes it possible to access the internet through your telephone line and make voice calls at the same time.

Digital signals are easier to encrypt.

That depends how they are connected. For example, if they are connected in series, just add the individual resistances.

Type your answer here... As per the definition of capacitor it is a device which made up of dielectric material in between two parallel metal plates. Even two metal plates placed parallel in open area will result in capacitance since air is also dielectric in nature..

Assuming that the voltage between two nodes are the same, current changes with branches. If you add branches, this means the current will be divided, depending on the resistance strength. Greater the resistance, the lower the current. If there is no resistance, it will end up in a short circuit, getting all the current. If there is great resistance, there will be very little current passing.

Mathematically, V=I*R is the formula. If you know the voltage between two nodes, you can calculate the currency (I) in each branch and for the whole nodes by putting in the particular resistance value for the branch or the whole nodes.

A transistor has three leads, called the base, the collector, and the emitter. The voltage of the base (in relation to the ground) determines whether and how much current flows from the collector to the emitter. An NPN transistor can be off, meaning that there is no (or very little) voltage from the base; partly on, meaning that there is some voltage from the base; or saturated, meaning that it is receiving full voltage from the base. A saturated transistor allows the current to flow from the collector to the emitter unopposed; a partly on transistor provides some resistance; and a transistor that is off provides full resistance. A PNP transistor is similar to an NPN transistor except it performs the opposite function: when it is saturated, the current is fully resisted; when there is no voltage from the base, the current is not at all resisted; and when it is partly on there is some resistance.

In sum, a transistor controls the flow between the collector and the emitter based upon the voltage of the base. this is carbage. a transistor is basicaly two diodes back to back base being common TO BOTH DIODES because of inpurity doping on purpose at the depletion region the transistor will control the current flow on the other diode. Once it reaches saturation both diodes conduct therefore current can flow in BOTH DIRECTIONS ACROSS IT.

Use the symbols "I" for current, "E" for voltage, "R" for resistance.

One of the forms in which Ohm's Law can be written is:

I = E / R.

Applying this equation to the question:

I = 5 / 8 = 0.625 Ampere = 625 milliamperes

The strobe pin on the LM311 is used to disable the output, so that multiple 311's can be ganged together, with only one being turned on at a time. It is also used to adjust the balance of the device.

We know that electrons are the majority carriers in n type semiconductor and holes are the majority carriers in p type semiconductor. The conductivity of n type is more than p type semiconductor due to mobility of electrons is higher than that of holes.

Electrolytic capacitor are used in dc power supplies to filter ac ripple .

The rectifier turns ac in to pulsating dc and with a capacitor across the output it holds a charge and so pulsating dc never goes down to zero..

Salunke pratik

sigma institute of engineering .vadodara

The wire will get hot, the temperature it gets up to will depend on the ampere of the battery and size of wire. The wire can get hot enough to causes burns or start a fire if the battery is large enough. Why this happens is because you have shorted the battery out. The power comes out of the positive post and back in the negative post. When you short it out the power can flow from one post to the other very quickly causing the short to get hot, due to the amount of flow.

If you are talking DC voltage:

1 billion volts at 10 nano amperes is 10 watts.

1 million volts at 10 micro amperes is 10 watts.

1 thousand volts at 10 milli amperes is 10 watts.

1 volt at 10 amperes is 10 watts.

So, it depends. You're comparing power to potential, which cannot be directly compared without more information (the amperage).

• faster speed
• lower power dissipation
• more components in less space
• etc.