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Electronics Engineering

Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.

24,372 Questions

What are the differences among the LED light emitting diode chip manufacturers CREE Epistar Osram etc?

As far as I know, Cree has been in the LED chip manufacturing business for a lot longer than Osram and Philips and other lamp companies that have previously focused on older models like incandescents, halogens, and CFLs. As a result of this advanced engineering, LED bulbs from Cree, or smaller companies that use Cree chips such as LED Waves in NY or ElementaLED in CA, tend to be higher quality and last longer.

What are the most common soldering mistakes and how are they identified?

The most common thing is farting while soldering you then jam in it your eye and die gg new game

What is the difference between the sensor and the transducer?

In the general case, a sensor is the complete assembly required to detect and communicate a particular event, while a transducer is the element within that assembly which accomplishes only the detection of the event. At the risk of getting too abstract, a transducer converts an input to an output that can be exploited to accomplish the sensing mission.

For example, a pressure sensor may use a diaphragm and/or strain gage to "detect" pressure differential across the diaphragm, but he complete sensor will additionally consist of a display element and the electronics required to energize and condition the output of the detecting transducer, as well as the elements required to house and drive the display feature.

A compass is a simple sensor of magnetic north, wherein the magnetic element in the compass is the transducer or "north detector" and the needle, housing and compass face comprise the remainder of the "north sensor".

In special cases, a sensor and a transducer can be the same. For example, a bi-metallic spring element can both detect temperature change, and may well be the entire sensor if a pointer is attached to the bi-metalic spring.

How does ghost radar work?

The Frank's Box was one that cycles through random frequencies and allegedly allows spirits to manipulate said frequencies so that certain broadcasted words can be used to respond to questions. We covered the Frank's Box in a previous article and having seen it in action I can't say that there is much happening here other than random words that may or may not be relevant to a posed question.

The Ghost Radar is the newest of these gadgets to make their way to the public for mass consumption. For a few bucks anyone with an Android phone, iPhone, iPad, and BlackBerry devices can get an ad free version of the software. I am not going to bother explaining how it works, as I am not sure it even does. I have used it in places where no known activity is said to exist and I still get random words spoken and ghostly blips on the radar. These random words could mean something to someoneone and if you were to listen with a group of friends there is bound to be more relevant "hits".

The interesting part is that when investigating an allegedly haunted location, the words spoken tend to take on more meaningful logic.

During a recent investigation at Historic Fort Morgan we heard some words spoken that were VERY relevant if the spirit of someone who had been stationed at the previous fort that stood on the spot of Fort Morgan was hanging around with us. Fort Bowyer guarded Mobile Bay prior to the erection of Fort Morgan. It was taken by the British during the war of 1812. The sad part is that this battle as well as the Battle of New Orleans should never have happened because the Treaty of Ghent had been signed the previous Christmas Eve and the war had officially ended. Because of the difficulty getting communications to these points neither side was aware the war had ended. Two battles raged after the war had ended and lives were pointlessly lost.

Obviously, U.S. Soldiers who lost the fort in the War of 1812 had very strong feelings about these Europeans. As evidenced by the responses we got on the ghost radar. Someone Doesn't Like Europeans

We also had a female investigator present and the application pointed out the fact that she was in a Fort where women were not allowed by saying "Female". We assume that's what it meant, it could have just been a random word. During another session with the Ghost Radar the word "melted" was spoken which could have been completely random if there had not been a fire at the fort in the enlisted men's quarters, roughly in the spot where we were sitting. The main problem I have with this software is that it speaks ALL THE TIME. Granted, it became much more accurate in a place suspected of having paranormal activity and the words spoken were very relevant to the history of the fort. Or, they were just random words generated by a silly cellphone application and we inflated the importance of these spoken words so that they fit within the context of our investigation.

The application did not allow the words to respond directly to us, not that we experienced anyway. We would ask questions and there would be words spoken that seemed relevant to our surroundings but did not answer our questions directly. Reviews on the company's site indicate that others have had moderate success with spirits using the software to directly interact with them, this group however was not so fortunate.

As with any tech, the jury is out on this tool. We will use it a few more times to determine if it provides any value whatsoever. I am not comfortable using this tool as "evidence" when there is no proof of its scientific value, but it does add an interesting dimension to those slow investigations where you feel like you are simply entertaining yourself. The name of the application again is Ghost Radar and the maker of the application is Spud Pickles.

Can a silicon diode be forward biased if the anode voltage is negative?

To be forward biased any diode (e.g. vacuum tube, crystal, junction, point contact) must have its relative anode voltage more positive than its cathode voltage.

If the absolute anode voltage is negative but the cathode voltage is even more negative, then the diode will be forward biased. But as your question made no mention at all of the cathode, I cannot tell if this is the case or not.

What are thermal transistors?

Thermal transistor is an efficient heat control device which can act as a heat switch as well as a heat modulator.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of pedal power?

Advantage - fitness. Disadvantage - only 100-200 watts of pedal power can be produced continuously by one person.

What type of signal does a potentiometer produce?

A: Potentiometer does not produce any signal it is merely a variable resistor whereby any signal impressed on it can be variably taken out of the wiper as a linear function or logarithms function depending on the requirement of the design

How does doping alter the atomic structure of silicon?

It does not alter the atomic structure of the silicon at all, what it alters is the balance of bulk valence band and conduction band electrons in the crystal of silicon thus altering its bulk conductivity.

Measure the voltage across a voltmeter and a switch?

If the switch is closed (connected) the voltage across it will read 0V. If the switch is open (disconnected) the voltage across it could be anything, it just depends on what the voltage between the wires going into the switch is.

What are the major components of power electronics system shown in block diagram?

Sorry I could not read the attached block diagram. Most power electronic systems have a power supply. The circuit would also need a component to vary the amount of electricity to the machine being controled. An on_off switch would be useful.

If a 100 ohm resistor is needed in an electric circuit carrying a current of 0.3 amperewhat resistor would you select?

A 100 ohm resistor carrying a current of 0.3 amperes would, by Ohm's Law, have a potential difference of 30 volts. A current of 0.3 amperes through a voltage of 30 volts would, by the Power Law, dissipate a power of 9 watts.

You need a 10 watt resistor, alhough it is better to use a 20 watt resistor.

E = IR

30 = (0.3)(100)

P = IE

9 = (30)(0.3)

How much voltage is induced if the current through a 100 mH coil is changing at a rate of 200 mA per second?

The equation for an inductor is ...

di/dt = v/L

... meaning that the rate of change of current in amperes per second is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to inductance.

0.2 amperes seconds-1 times 0.1 Henry = 0.02 volts = 20 millivolts

How do you bias a current mirror opamp?

If you go to the given link you will see the circuit of a current mirror using Op-Amp. And you can easily see how it is biased.

When a capaciter is charged through a resistor it shows maximum current at first and slowly it decreases why?

Because the voltage across the capacitor is initially zero, making the voltage across the resistor maximal. As the capacitor charges, the voltage across the resistor decreases, with an accompanying reduction in current. At maximum charge, the voltage across the resistor is zero, and thus there is no current.

The equation of a capacitor is ...

dv/dt = i/c

... meaning that the rate of change of voltage, in volts per second, is proportional to current, in amperes, and inversely proportional to capacitance, in farads.

Set this up into a series charging circuit, replacing the i term with (V-Vt) / R, solve the differential equation, and you get ...

Vt = VSource (1 - e-t/RC)

.... where Vt is voltage at some time t, and RC is the time constant, resistance times capacitance.

The is the DC state answer. AC circuits are a whole other issue, and require different analysis, though the fundamental equation remains the same.

What type of energy transfers happen in a satellite dish?

There's only one:

-- In a receiving dish, the collected and focused electromagnetic energy changes

to electrical energy in the feed, LNA, or LNB at the focus of the dish.

-- In a transmitting dish, the electrical energy of the transmitter changes to electromagnetic

energy, either at the focus of the dish if the transmitter is mounted there, or else at the

end of a hollow waveguide that escorts it to the focus of the dish.

Why can aluminium jam radar?

Radar waves can pass through many substances (they appear transparent like glass) but are reflected efficiently by metals (which act more like a mirror to radar).

Thus if you want to confuse a radar system you can scatter a mass of thin, light aluminium confetti in the air and this will appear as a fog, hiding the target (your plane) from the enemy. Aluminium is used because it is a light metal that can be made into thin sheets or ribbons (aluminium foil).