Evolution

If igneous or metamorphic ( though metamorphic rock is hard to do ) radiometric dating can be used. The radioactive substance that may be in igneous rock devolves into a daughter substance and the rate of this change, coupled with other parent/daughter changes, give one a very precise age on the rock being examined.

Google radiometric dating.

A polytomy is a 3-way split in the evolutionary tree where evolutionary relationships between the two outermost branches are not yet clear. It represents an unresolved pattern of divergence in evolution.

The theory of evolution explains how life changes and diversifies. All life has a common ancestry. That is, the three clades of life - the bacteria, the eukaryotes and the archaebacteria- all have a single origin and diversified from there.

Evolution makes use of the fossil record along with examination of comparative anatomy to describe the sequence of morphological forms life has taken. Fossil-wise fish precede amphibians, and synapsid mammal-like reptiles precede true mammals. In the case of morphology, whales have tiny limb bones showing an ancestry of being four limbed and thus presumably terrestrial. Evolution uses geology, continental drift and rising and falling sea level data to explain life's past and present biogeography. Rising and falling sea levels can leave land bridges for species to cross from continent to continent, for example from North America to Russia. Evolution can be described as the 'underpinning of all biology'. In other words, what evolution 'answers' is life itself.

The base-unit of evolution is the gene. To draw evolutionary trees, modern taxonomists and phylogeny constructors use DNA and RNA data to compare species. In this way, it was discovered that shrews and bats are closely related and pangolins are closest to the Order Carnivora (cats, dogs, mongooses, bears, seals etc).

Evolution thus even unifies genetics with anatomy and all other zoological aspects one may think of. Evolution really is the answer to all life.

This concept was called saltationism. It posited that organisms could be speciated by " hopeful monster " mutations in one large jump and this concept vied for prominence among biologists, mostly geneticists, with gradualist concepts of how evolution happened and all this in the early 20th century. This concept was shown to have no merit and has been refuted since then.

Very slowly. Each generation has some differences from the preceding generations. The survivors from one generation pass their genes on to subsequent ones. A trait that increases survival rate is passed on more frequently than a trait which is detrimental to procreation.

Charles Darwin is known for the theory of evolution through natural selection. He proposed that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and that the process of natural selection is the mechanism through which this evolution occurs.

I can provide a summary or explanation of the theory of evolution. Is there a specific aspect of the theory you would like me to cover?

Before Charles Darwin published his theory in the 1850s, there really was no scientific theory of evolution. Thus the theory is actually only a little over 150 years old. In the 1920s there was a revolution in our understanding of genetics, which was incorporated into the theory of evolution. That was known as "the modern synthesis." Since that time virtually every paper published on genetics, embryology, paleontology, or any other branch of biology has further strengthened the theory.

Urey and Miller provided evidence for the possibility for inorganic substances to produce organic (living) substances.

They simulated hypothetical conditions which would be present in the early Earth.

They showed how gasses of an anoxic environment, combined with static electricity could form simple organic compounds and Amino Acids.

out of 22 amino acids created, 13 where those used to make proteins in living cells.

This experiment has been replicated successfully to provide a similar outcome each time. Mckenzie was here :3

In Lamarck's explanation of evolution, the environment plays a role in shaping the traits of organisms through the principle of use and disuse. Lamarck proposed that organisms could acquire or lose certain traits based on their interactions with the environment during their lifetime, and these acquired traits could be passed on to their offspring. This theory is known as the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

The necessary conditions for evolution to occur include variation in traits within a population, inheritance of traits from parents to offspring, differential survival and reproduction based on those traits (natural selection), and long periods of time for changes to accumulate. These factors together drive the process of evolution by shaping the genetic makeup of populations over generations.

It would seem so, look at our politicians!

Seriously though, these are behaviors and not traits. You could have, say a poorly developed frontal lobe and have a predisposition to lie and manipulate in the proper environment. Check psychopathy on wiki.

Homo-Sapien, there isn't a modern form of our species.

ATP's role as a universal energy currency is essential for life processes and allows organisms to perform crucial functions such as growth and reproduction. In the context of evolution by natural selection, organisms that efficiently utilize ATP for survival and reproduction are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation, leading to the evolution of ATP-dependent mechanisms over time.

DNA samples in the form of hair, blood, etc. will be taken from a sample population within the population. After that, it's just a matter of seeing what genotypes have change vs. phenotypes to see how the gene is actually inherited.

In a "perfect-world" scenario, this equation is referred to as Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and is expressed by the equation:


1=p2 + 2pq + q2

The theory of evolution is important to modern biology because it provides a framework for understanding how organisms have adapted to their environments over time. It helps explain the diversity of life on Earth, the relationships between different species, and how organisms have evolved to survive and reproduce. Additionally, the theory of evolution is supported by extensive evidence from various scientific fields, making it a foundational concept in biology.

There are five major points to Darwin's theory of evolution. These are: 1)members have heritable variations; 2)in a population, more individuals are produced than can survive; 3)some individuals will adapt to better survive; 4)an increasing number of individuals will have adaptations due to genetic inheritance; and 5)natural selection results in a population that is adapted to the environment.

Acquired variation refers to characteristics or traits that an organism develops during its lifetime due to environmental influences. These variations are not inherited because they are not encoded in the genetic material of the organism. Examples include muscle development in response to exercise or tan skin from exposure to sunlight.

One mechanism of Darwin's theory of evolution is natural selection. This process describes how organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to future generations. Over time, this can lead to the gradual adaptation of species to their environment.

Scientists use genetics to understand evolution by studying the changes in DNA sequences over time in different species. By comparing genetic similarities and differences between species, researchers can infer evolutionary relationships and timelines. This information helps scientists to reconstruct the history of life on Earth and understand how populations change and evolve.

Bacterial reproduction can be slowed by increasing or decreasing the pH, providing them nutrient deficient medium. In process of reproduction, they also require phosphorus and iron. If there is an increase in pH they won't be able to assimilate iron and phosphorus.

A gas-evolution reaction is a type of chemical reaction that produces a gas as one of its products. This gas is usually released as a byproduct of the reaction and can sometimes be identified by observing bubbles forming in the reaction mixture. Examples include reactions that produce hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, or oxygen.

No, mitosis is a form of cell division that produces two daughter cells with the same genetic information as the parent cell. This process is important for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

Because they feel it disagrees with a literal interpretation of Genesis......they will say that evolution has no scientific evidence to support it and try to come up with arguments against it, but the bottom line is they just don't WANT to believe it, and so reject it at face value.