Graphics Cards

I read from a website, it says there are 3 main types which are PCI-E (Express), PCI, and AGP. But what makes me unsure about this is that I found that Wikipeida wrote there many more other types. Take a look at related links below.

//Correction

AGP is use only for graphics.

640 X 480

UNICODE and ASCII are related in that they are both used to exchange information, primarily in the form of text (plain-text as opposed to typography). That is, when we want exchange the character 'A' between systems we do not transmit the entire bitmap for the glyph we simply transmit a character code. Both systems must know what each character code represents and this is achieved through a "code page" which maps individual character codes to their respective glyphs. In this way we minimise the amount of information that needs to be transmitted.

The problem is that different languages use different symbols. The letter 'A' is a Latin symbol which is fairly common to many European languages, however not all languages use the Latin alphabet. In order to cater for every language worldwide we'd need to encode more than 110,000 symbols which would require at least 17 bits per character.

Prior to multi-language support, most information was transmitted in English. To cater for this we needed to encode 26 symbols for the upper case alphabet, 26 for the lower case alphabet, 10 digits, a handful of common punctuation marks such as periods, commas, parenthesis, and so on, plus some common symbols such as %, & and @. Transmitting information to a printer, screen or some other device also required some non-printing control characters, such as carriage return, line feed whitespace, transmission begin/end and so on. Thus the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) decided that 128 characters was sufficient to encode the entire Latin alphabet plus control codes using just 7 bits and all systems were standardised to accommodate this encoding. Although most systems today use an 8 bit byte, many older printers and other transmission protocols used just 7 bits to maintain the highest possible rate of throughput. Some even used specialised encodings with fewer bits (and fewer symbols) to speed up transfers even further. Each encoding therefore required its own standard, many of which were defined by ASCII.

To cater for more specialised symbols and to provide support for some foreign languages, an 8 bit extended character set was used, yielding an additional 128 symbols. The first 127 characters in every ASCII code page are always the same, but the extended character set could be switched simply by changing the code page. However, only one code page can be in effect at any one time, so systems were not only limited to 256 characters total, they had to use the same code page to ensure extended character information was correctly decoded.

Today, when we speak of ASCII, we are generally speaking about the ISO/IEC 8859 standard (or code page 8859). The majority of programming languages utilise this standard to define the language's symbols, thus making it possible to transmit the same source code between machines.

UNICODE addresses the limitations of 8-bit ASCII by using more bits per character. A key aspect of UNICODE is that the first 128 characters must always match the 7 bit standard ASCII encodings, regardless of how many bits are employed in the actual encoding. While it would be relatively simple to encode every symbol used by every language using just 17 bits, this limits the ability to expand the number of characters beyond 131,072. More importantly, it is helpful to space the symbols out such that the most-significant bits in the encoding can be used to more easily identify a particular set of symbols. Thus UNICODE uses 32-bits per character, with individual character sets (or code pages) spread throughout the range.

This immediately puts an overhead upon English-based text transmissions because we'd have to transmit four times as many bits as we would with the ASCII equivalent. To get around this, UNICODE introduced variable-width encodings, such that the first 128 characters were encoded using 8 bits, exactly mirroring ASCII when the most significant bit is 0. If the most significant bit were 1, however, this would indicate that the symbol was encoded using anything from 2 to 6 bytes, depending on the state of other high-order bits. Each of these multi-byte encodings is then mapped to a 32-bit UNICODE character.

UTF8 is the most common form of UNICODE in use today because it has no overhead compared to 8 bit standard ASCII and, for most transmissions, has less overhead than 32-bit UNICODE (also known as UTF32). UTF16 uses 16 bits throughout but doesn't cover the complete range of UNICODE encodings.

All computers have some kind of GPU(graphics processing units). Cheap computers have them integrated into the CPU. So if you want to play high-end games, yes you should invest in a graphics card. other wise, you don't need to have one.

As long as it has a PCI or PCIe bus on the board.

3

The M means mobility = it takes MEMORY from the entire PC (the ram sticks)... so in this case, there is 256MB >ONLY< dedicated to the graficcard (which isnt alot), and if your game needs more memory, it will take from the RAM... = slower pc = slower gaming

so generally avoid M cards for gaming..

Yeah,

Although you can upgrade the video card on a laptop, it is very difficult and you would need to open your laptop up, and then un-solder the card and then put new compatible card in and then solder again.

The soldering part is the main question... a professional computer tech will have to do this... and it'll cost you$$$...

So by the time you pay for that, investing in a newer computer is a better option.

Good Luck!

It's like a gtx 980

i think nvidia geforce4....it's only 100$.

Depends on what game.

Intel HD graphics are integrated, not dedicated. So you can't expect high framerate in the higher end games like battlefield 3. You will be able to play BF3 on lowest setting at about 50-60 FPS for about 1-2 hours before you laptop/pc will overheat. Then your fps will droo to something like 30 -40. The ram is not a problem. Even 4 GB is enough. it's the graphics that matter. If you are looking forward to some high-end gaming with atleast a decent fps, I advice you to buy a dedicated graphics card.

Some recommendations:

-Nvidia GTX series(dedicated) (expensive but VERY good) - you can play BF3 at ultra graphics around 50 fps.

-Nvidia Geforce GT(dedicated) (much cheaper than GTX and decent performance) - you can play BF3 at high graphics around 60 fps. (AA filtering may lag)

-AMD Radeon HD dedicated (cheaper and decent) - Make sure that you don't buy the AMD A# series processor. (example A8, A6, A10, etc) these are intigrated into CPU. - with amd dedicated graphics, you can get 60 fps on BF3 med-high setting depending on your Graphics memory(1GB should be good, 2 GB even better). (AA filtering may lag very badly).

Ati cards are usually colored red,along with the heatsinks and fans,And nvidia cards are usually black. Now nvidia is considered to be better for gaming than ati, but ati is better for rendering and autocad stuff. in my opinion nvidia cards are better than ati, might i recommend for gamers on a budget the 9800 GT and then the higher cards get more expensive but are faster.Also ati cards really get hot compared to nvidia and ati is also owned by AMD. hope this answers your question!

The Alienware laptop with those feature is about $250.

A skip card typically features a bold design with a distinctive symbol, often resembling a crossed-out arrow or a circle with a line through it, indicating that the next player loses their turn. The background may vary in color, often aligning with the game's overall color scheme. Additionally, it usually includes the word "Skip" prominently displayed, making its function clear to players. The design may also incorporate thematic elements related to the specific game.

lane

it depends, all mobos should be compatible with ur graphics card

but definitely if the grafix card is integrated in to the mobo lol

I hacked it !

The diagonal lines across the monitor may indicate that there is an issue with the video card. Try the uninstall/reinstall process, then the monitor's Self Test facility. These actions should highlight any problems and hopefully remedy them.

Yes, and no. Ultimately the main concern when comparing graphic cards is the graphics chipset on the card. Example: Geforce 7 compared to 8 compared to 9 and so forth.

Type III.

They are 16 or 32 bit, and are 10.5 millimeters thick.

An R9 290X card has two GPUs on the same card. You can only have four GPUs in crossfire, which means you can only have two R9 290X cards installed in your computer.

It's AGP.