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Head Injuries

Head injury refers to the damage of the skull, scalp, or brain. Injuries can be caused by traffic accidents, workplace accidents, falls, sports injuries, assaults, or bullets. The damage caused ranges from mild to severe brain injury.

286 Questions

Can head injury stitches get wet?

Yes, only if u run them under water e.g. swimming,bath,shower etc.

What are signs of a severe head injury?

you would have a head ache for 2 days and would not feel like doing a lot of activities you would also mess up talking and say different things than you would want to you should go to the doctor right away!!

After a head injury retention of water by brain?

Water retention in the brain i think is edema, Cerebral Edema in particular.Cerebral Edema is extracellular fluid accumulation in the brain. It can occur in toxic or abnormal metabolic states and conditions such as systemic lupus. It causes drowsiness or loss of consciousness. Types Four types of cerebral edema have been distinguished[1]: Due to a breakdown of tight endothelial junctions which make up the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This allows normally excluded intravascular proteins and fluid to penetrate into cerebral parenchymal extracellular space. Once plasma constituents cross the BBB, the edema spreads; this may be quite fast and widespread. As water enters white matter it moves extracellularly along fiber tracts and can also affect the gray matter. This type of edema is seen in response to trauma, tumors, focal inflammation, late stages of cerebral ischemia and hypertensive encephalopathy. Some of the mechanisms contributing to BBB dysfunction are: physical disruption by arterial hypertension or trauma, tumor-facilitated release of vasoactive and endothelial destructive compounds (e.g. arachidonic acid, excitatory neurotransmitters, eicosanoids, bradykinin, histamine and free radicals). Some of the special subcategories of vasogenic edema include: == : :: This form of cerebral edema is seen in acute, malignant hypertension. It is thought to result from direct transmission of pressure to cerebral capillary with transudation of fluid into the ECF from the capillaries. == : :: Cancerous glial cells (glioma) of the brain can increase secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which weakens the junctions of the blood-brain barrier. Dexamethasone can be of benefit in reducing VEGF secretion[2]. == : :: High altitude cerebral edema (or HACE) is a severe form of (sometimes fatal) altitude sickness. HACE is the result of swelling of brain tissue from leakage of fluids from the capillaries due to the effects of hypoxia on the mitochondria-rich endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier[3]. : :: Symptoms can include headache, loss of coordination (ataxia), weakness, and decreasing levels of consciousness including disorientation, loss of memory, hallucinations, psychotic behavior, and coma. It generally occurs after a week or more at high altitude. Severe instances can lead to death if not treated quickly. Immediate descent is a necessary life-saving measure (2,000 - 4,000 feet). There are some medications (e.g. dexamethasone) that may be prescribed for treatment in the field, but these require proper medical training in their use. Anyone suffering from HACE must be evacuated to a medical facility for proper follow-up treatment. A gamow bag can sometimes be used to stabilize the sufferer before transport or descending. : :: Climbers may also suffer high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), which affects the lungs. While not as life threatening as HACE in the initial stages, failure to descend to lower altitudes or receive medical treatment can also lead to death. In this type of edema the BBB remains intact. This edema is due to the derangement in cellular metabolism resulting in inadequate functioning of the sodium and potassium pump in the glial cell membrane. As a result there is cellular retention of sodium and water. There are swollen astrocytes in gray and white matter. Cytoxotic edema is seen with various intoxications (dinitrophenol, triethyltin, hexachlorophene, isoniazid), in Reye's syndrome, severe hypothermia, early ischemia, encephalopathy, early stroke or hypoxia, cardiac arrest, pseudotumor cerebri, and cerebral toxins. Normally cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality of the brain is slightly greater than that of plasma. When plasma is diluted by excessive water intake (or hyponatremia), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), hemodialysis, or rapid reduction of blood glucose in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), formerly hyperosmolar non-ketotic acidosis (HONK), the brain osmolality will then exceed the serum osmolality creating an abnormal pressure gradient down which water will flow into the brain causing edema. Occurs in obstructive hydrocephalus. This form of edema is due to rupture of CSF-brain barrier: permits CSF to penetrate brain and spread in the extracellular space of white matter. Differentiated from vasogenic edema in that fluid contains almost no protein [Types Four types of cerebral edema have been distinguished[1]: [edit] (1) Vasogenic cerebral edema Due to a breakdown of tight endothelial junctions which make up the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This allows normally excluded intravascular proteins and fluid to penetrate into cerebral parenchymal extracellular space. Once plasma constituents cross the BBB, the edema spreads; this may be quite fast and widespread. As water enters white matter it moves extracellularly along fiber tracts and can also affect the gray matter. This type of edema is seen in response to trauma, tumors, focal inflammation, late stages of cerebral ischemia and hypertensive encephalopathy. Some of the mechanisms contributing to BBB dysfunction are: physical disruption by arterial hypertension or trauma, tumor-facilitated release of vasoactive and endothelial destructive compounds (e.g. arachidonic acid, excitatory neurotransmitters, eicosanoids, bradykinin, histamine and free radicals). Some of the special subcategories of vasogenic edema include: [edit] Hydrostatic cerebral edema : :: This form of cerebral edema is seen in acute, malignant hypertension. It is thought to result from direct transmission of pressure to cerebral capillary with transudation of fluid into the ECF from the capillaries. [edit] Cerebral edema from brain cancer : :: Cancerous glial cells (glioma) of the brain can increase secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which weakens the junctions of the blood-brain barrier. Dexamethasone can be of benefit in reducing VEGF secretion[2]. [edit] High Altitude Cerebral Edema : :: High altitude cerebral edema (or HACE) is a severe form of (sometimes fatal) altitude sickness. HACE is the result of swelling of brain tissue from leakage of fluids from the capillaries due to the effects of hypoxia on the mitochondria-rich endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier[3]. : :: Symptoms can include headache, loss of coordination (ataxia), weakness, and decreasing levels of consciousness including disorientation, loss of memory, hallucinations, psychotic behavior, and coma. It generally occurs after a week or more at high altitude. Severe instances can lead to death if not treated quickly. Immediate descent is a necessary life-saving measure (2,000 - 4,000 feet). There are some medications (e.g. dexamethasone) that may be prescribed for treatment in the field, but these require proper medical training in their use. Anyone suffering from HACE must be evacuated to a medical facility for proper follow-up treatment. A gamow bag can sometimes be used to stabilize the sufferer before transport or descending. : :: Climbers may also suffer high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), which affects the lungs. While not as life threatening as HACE in the initial stages, failure to descend to lower altitudes or receive medical treatment can also lead to death. [edit] (2) Cytotoxic cerebral edema In this type of edema the BBB remains intact. This edema is due to the derangement in cellular metabolism resulting in inadequate functioning of the sodium and potassium pump in the glial cell membrane. As a result there is cellular retention of sodium and water. There are swollen astrocytes in gray and white matter. Cytoxotic edema is seen with various intoxications (dinitrophenol, triethyltin, hexachlorophene, isoniazid), in Reye's syndrome, severe hypothermia, early ischemia, encephalopathy, early stroke or hypoxia, cardiac arrest, pseudotumor cerebri, and cerebral toxins. [edit] (3) Osmotic cerebral edema Normally cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality of the brain is slightly greater than that of plasma. When plasma is diluted by excessive water intake (or hyponatremia), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), hemodialysis, or rapid reduction of blood glucose in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), formerly hyperosmolar non-ketotic acidosis (HONK), the brain osmolality will then exceed the serum osmolality creating an abnormal pressure gradient down which water will flow into the brain causing edema. [edit] (4) Interstitial cerebral edema Occurs in obstructive hydrocephalus. This form of edema is due to rupture of CSF-brain barrier: permits CSF to penetrate brain and spread in the extracellular space of white matter. Differentiated from vasogenic edema in that fluid contains almost no protein [edit] Treatment Treatment approaches can include mannitol, diuretics and corticosteroids.edit]

How long do you keep awake after head injury?

This is a myth. Say if your child hits their head and u think they have a concussion...they can go to sleep, as long as they will wake up when lightly shaken or called by name you are fine.

Can you drive after a head injury?

Airline travel can increase concussion symptoms. People with serious recent concussions should avoid air travel however individuals with older or less severe concussions may fly but may experience some discomfort.

How did they treat head wounds in the civil war?

Chloroform was used for pain when available. If chloroform was not available whiskey was used for the pain. Then to treat the wounds herb's were used.

What does it mean if you have a sharp pain in the left side of your neck running down to your shoulder when you turn your head?

Well, if you slept on your pillow differently or in a strange way, it could easily cause this. I have had this happen to me many times before. If you have done any extensive sports or extreme things that you don't normally partake in, that could've tweaked the muscles and pinched the nerves in your neck. Another possibility is if you can drive and you were twisting your neck around to see behind you a lot that could cause this. From my knowledge this is nothing to be all too concerned over unless it persists for the next 72 hours. For now just keep warm washcloths on it and take some ibuprofen if you find it necessary. I'm no doctor but that's my recommendation. If this does persist call your doctor. It could be something fairly serious dealing with your spine.

Hope I helped!

:)

Can a head injury cause itching?

I have had an epidural hematoma and air mass in my mastoids after a head injury.. I can tell you that something affects me and makes my skin itch.. So the answer is, yes it can.. Consult a neurologist!

If you get shot in the temple why do you die if not from brain damage?

It has very little to do with the artery / pulse point that is in the temple. It has more to do with your head being pushed to the side, and your head returning to midline. The brain strongly dislikes being shoved over to one side of your skull, then back again. The brain does not just stop bouncing once it starts; it is more like a rubber ball that bounces back and forth, back and forth. So the "hurt" is first skin and muscle, blood vessel, and if a severe hit, your brain with a resulting headache. If severe enough, you could have a concussion.

Pathophysiology of a head injury?

There are many different types of brain injury, depending upon the severity of the force upon the head, as well as which portion of the brain is affected. To simplify, brain injuries can be classified as traumatic or acquired, with additional types under each heading. All brain injuries are described as either mild, moderate, or severe. Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury is a result of an external force to the brain that results in a change to cognitive, physical, or emotional functioning. The impairments can be temporary or permanent. Types of traumatic brain injury include: * Diffuse axonal injury. Shaking or strong rotation of the head causes brain structures to tear. Nerve tissue is disturbed throughout the brain. * Concussion. Caused by a physical force to the head that causes blood vessels to stretch and cranial nerves to be damaged. * Contusion. A result of a direct impact to the head, which causes bleeding on the brain. * Coup-contrecoup injury. The force to the brain is large enough to cause contusion at the side of impact, as well as the site opposite impact. * Penetration injury. The impact causes a foreign object to penetrate the skull. Acquired Brain Injury An acquired brain injury is an injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or the result of birth trauma. Acquired brain injury generally affects cells throughout the entire brain. Types of acquired brain injury include: • Axnoxic brain injury. This occurs when the brain doesn't receive oxygen.

• Hypoxic brain injury. This occurs when the brain receives some, but not enough, oxygen.

What do you do if a child bumps their head?

Firstly, ask him simple questions and see if he is delirious, confused, or unresponsive. If so, immediately take him to the emergency room - he might have a severe concussion or another serious traumatic head injury. Why are you asking this when any imbecile can answer it? I think you should take him to the hospital no matter what. And go ask this question on a health website - what the heck are you thinking? You're going to wait around until someone answers this and possibly gives you the wrong answer?

How long will a head injury last?

It depends.. If it's a really bad hit on the head then it might last up too days or weeks!!
If the injury is not that big then sometimes the concussion will only last for a couple of hours, or if your lucky seconds!!!!
If you faint you can get a really bad concussion, if the person hits there head badly but, not always.
But not only fainting cause a concussion, any time you hit your head on anything really bad, or sometimes when you are stressed.

What is the medical term for the bruising of brain tissue as a result of a head injury?

intracranial injury


Traumatic Brain injury is usually called just that, unless it affects only a portion of the brain. In example, Broca's Aphasia, or difficulty in speaking, has been associated with frontal damage

You discovered a hard lump on the back of your skull on the left side it is hard and is right on the bone that you can naturally feel on both sides but the left side has a lump on it no head injury?

The lump and the other symptoms may or may not be connected. It is a good idea to check in with a doctor to be sure. Try ice in a towel to relieve the swelling in the meantime. If you were knocked out when you received the bump on your head, you should be checked and observed for a concussion.

What are theories about holistic needs of individuals?

Health is not only physical, but mental and spiritual as well. There is a long history of holistic health practices in Asia. India has Ayurveda, Japan has macrobiotics, and China has an elaborate health system that goes beyond treating symptoms. These ideas are taking hold in the West as well.

How long does a bump on the head last?

It depends on the size of the bump.

There's no general time for a bump to go away, since that depends on a lot of factors that differ from person to person.

On the other hand, if it's been there for months, I'd see a doctor as soon as possible.

When should a head injury send you to the hospital?

If that headache is periodic without any apparent reason,

If the headache has been continued for 3->4days non-stop(or short intervals)

If you feel nausea and also tiring from it

If the headache is preventing you from doing daily activities(by means of moving and walking).

Is it safe to travel with a concussion?

Airline travel is the safest form of travel in the World, believe it or not, it is safer than driving a car.

Aplane takes off every 3 seconds around the World, and there are only about 5 or 6 plane crashes IN A YEAR! that just shows how safe it is.

Cars on the other hand crash hundreds of times a day leat alone a year! Think about the ratio, and you will realise that Flying is soo much safer.

Is it safe to ride a roller coaster with a level one concussion?

depending on the type of concussion really and literally no it isn't you don't wanna be swung or flipped about with a grade A concussion you should seek medical help immediately and get evaluated by your doctor. maybe after your brain heals itself you can ride but not with a concussion that's not safe for overall mind, body, spirit, and health. unless you want to. but i highly recommend go to the doctor.

Is it better for a bump on the head to go out or in?

A bump is better if it forms a "hill" rather than a "valley" The Valley may be a skull fracture and more serious than just a bump. See the doctor right now for a possible fracture.

What is a closed head injury?

A closed head injury is a trauma in which the brain is injured as a result of a blow to the head, or a sudden, violent motion that causes the brain to knock against the skull. It is different from an open head injury, in that nothing actually penetrates the brain.

How much compensation should be received for a minor head injury in the UK?

The injury was caused by someone who was employed by the same employer of myself, dropping a bag of wood and rubble onto my head. The bag was 7-9kg and was dropped from about two metres above my head which caused a wound which bleed quite a bit but only needed to be glued together in hospital. I did not fall unconsciense. The pain from the impact affected my head for 2months after the accident but mostly my shoulder which is still not back to fall working order after a year of the accident, it is very functionable but can feel a lot of stress in it when I do intense exercise which I perform 4-5 times weekly. The defendents have taken liability for the case and my solicitor says, for my injury, disregarding my earnings loss etc, I should claim about £4,500-£5,000 (for general damages). I have to give advice to him before an amount is put forward to the defendents which would end the case. The accident happened while I was working as a labourer in a building which was being refurbished on a sunday, it was very informal and I was not given any safety equipment nor did I request it on the day, but was told be a recruitment agency that employed me that it was unneccesary, so ignorantly I left my hard hat at home. All of the people in the company were employed by the same firm and there was only about 5 others there. The person who dropped the bag onto my head had told me previously to the accident that he was out drinking the night before until 2am and he was a late teenager like myself or in his early 20's. I was 18+1/2yrs old when it happened last year.

Can anyone with experience or good knowledge help me or tell me any forums/websites that they know of which would help me. I can not rely on my solicitor because he will get paid if I win or lose and I have given more effort to the case so far than him and feel there could be loop holes he does not consider or does not care to consider. I will also be getting compensated for time off of work seperatly to the general damages ofcourse but taking into account the pay of general labourers in London it will only amount to quite a small amount. I am a very active person so feel things like that should be taken into account and should increase my compensation. The fact that I lost so much of my fittness and confidence which has not yet being fully restored to preious highs has been brushed outside of the case I do not understand why these things are not taken into account. I was reaching a very high level of boxing and cycling. Thank you very much if you found time to read this, John.


I have put together an article on compensation prices which i found on Personal Injury Solicitors Websites, here is the part you were after:

Head Injury Compensation:

  • Very Severe Brain Damage : £155,000 - £220,000
  • Moderately Severe Brain Damage : £120,000 - £155,000
  • Moderate Brain Damage : £23,500 - £120,000
  • Minor Brain Damage : £8,500 - £ 23,500
  • Minor Head Injury : £1,250 - £ 7,500

Answer for the UK

The person who has answered above has provides a rough summary of compensation amounts for head injuries, but as I note that you have multiple injuries and your activities are curtailed - the amount of compensation you can claim is decided by previous cases heard by the UK courts and a booklet summarising awards made by the courts in the past known as the JSB guidelines.

As requested I include two links below entitled "head injury claims" and "shoulder injury compensation" which gives details from a solicitor's website setting out how to calculate the amount of compensation you can receive for the type of injuries you describe.