History of Australia

Florence Nightingale, she believed that medical aid should be given to wounded troops on the battlefield. Many troops were killed either by bleeding out or by being eaten by wild animals.

There were several reasons why the British Government decided to establish a colony in Australia for several reasons, using the First Fleet of convicts and officers in order to do so.

Conditions in England in the 18th century were tough: the industrial revolution had removed many people's opportunities to earn an honest wage as simpler tasks were replaced by machine labour. As unemployment rose, so did crime, especially the theft of basic necessities such as food and clothing. The British prison system was soon full to overflowing, and a new place had to be found to ship the prison inmates. The American colonies were no longer viable, following the American war of Independence. Following Captain Cook's voyage to the South Pacific in 1770, the previously uncharted continent of New Holland proved to be suitable. Cook had claimed the eastern half of the continent for England, naming it "New South Wales", and determined that a small bay in the south which he named "Botany Bay" would present the ideal conditions for a penal colony.

On 18 August 1786 the decision was made to send a colonisation party of convicts, military and civilian personnel to Botany Bay, under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, who was appointed Governor-designate. This would also provide a British presence in the South Pacific which, it was hoped, would offset French interests in the region, whilst also providing resources for Great Britain to use.

The main reason the British continued to establish colonies in Australia over a decade after the First Fleet landed was to consolidate the British claim to the entire continent. Colonies were established in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), South Australia and Western Australia to prevent the French from making a claim.

Gregory Blaxland was one of the first three Europeans to cross the Blue Mountains. This was significant because, after the colony of Sydney/New South Wales had been virtually imprisoned by the mountains for twenty five years, graziers and farmers were now able to expand out into new grasslands and agricultural lands. It marked a new season of prosperity for Australia.

Many of the convicts believes that they could get to China from Sydney Cove. they were wrong, of course, but they were determined to push through the bush until tey got there. As a result, many perished in the bush, unused to the unfamiliar environment, and unable to survive.

Some of the convicts felt defiant, and turned to bushranging. Others felt a sense of freedom - until they discovered there was simply nowhere to go, and turned themselves back in.

The First Fleet primarily brought convicts. There were many sailors, marines and officers as well, and a large number of stock animals. In addition, there were seeds, plants, equipment, tools and supplies to establish a new colony.

To see a complete list of provisions and supplies brought by the First Fleet, click on the related link below.

is the colour red that your talking about because that would stand for the poppies

Where did the first freedom ride take place

The first Europeans to reach Australia's shores, and still maintain records of their visits through the years, were the Dutch. They named the southern continent after their own land of Holland.

The distancetravelledby the First Fleet was about 24 000 kilometres, or 15 000 miles.

umm...Gallipoli

The convicts of the First Fleet were most commonly punished by being placed on reduced rations, meaning they were given less food, or certain privileges such as tobacco, tea or sugar were withdrawn.

The Cat o' nine tails was a particularly vicious type of punishment. This was a whip with nine cords of leather, each of which had a metal triangle embedded in the end. A convict was given between 10 and 50 lashes (in some case more), and within just a few lashes, the flesh would be ripped out, sometimes to the point where the bone was exposed.

There are a vast variety of reasons, and it's best to look at the events during the period from 1965-1970 to gain the best insight. Increased reports of KIAs, both allied and VC, general opposition to the war and authority as part of the greater social change occurring in society (esp. among society's youth), as well as the revelation of shocking events such as the My Lai Massacre of March 1968 (revealed publicly November 1969) and the increased bombing of villages full of civilians outside Vietnam's borders in Laos and Cambodia (from 1967) all played a contributing factor.

When looking for evidence of the changing values, note the shift in attitudes of conscription and the sending of conscripts abroad to Vietnam (the Morgan Gallup polls would be a good place to start) from 1965-1970 (note the huge sudden shift around the end of July 1967). Also, the swift changes of pro-war Liberal governments towards the latter half of the '60's (and the crushing victory by Holt), the growing list of organised group opposition (SoS, SoD, Youth movement, DRM) from all sectors of society as well as the moratorium marches of the early 1970s can provide you with similar information.

Ned Kelly was hung at the age of 25 at the Melbourne Gaol.

Although he was a bushranger, the reward for his capture was increased following his murder of three police men, and this was the crime for which he was hanged.

The First Fleet assembled in Portsmouth, England, and set sail on 13 May 1787. On 3 June 1787, the fleet arrived at Santa Cruz, Tenerife in the Canary islands, to take on board fresh water, vegetables and meat. Phillip and the chief officers were entertained by the local governor, while one convict tried unsuccessfully to escape.

Aborigines became British Citizens when Australia was claimed by Lieutenant James Cook in 1770. Aboriginal men in South Australia were given the vote in 1854 at the same time that all white South Australian men received the vote. Similarly, Aboriginal and White South Australian women received the vote in the 1890s.

When Federation was declared in 1901 Aborigines were given the vote only those states in which they already had the vote, which was all states except Queensland and Western Australia.

In 1948 all Australians, white and black, became Australian Citizens.

In 1967 an overwhelming majority of Australians decided at a referendum that Aborigines should be counted in the census.

As was the case with many of Australia's bushrangers, Mark Jefferies was an escaped convict. For men who could not handle the extremely tough life of a Van Diemen's Land convict, escape was the main option. If they could successfully escape, then their only way to survive was to become a bushranger.

Australian Aborigines living a traditional lifestyle in the past wore very little or nothing at all, even in cold regions such as Tasmania. In colder areas, they might wear kangaroo or possum skins, but mostly they covered themselves with ochre and animal fat.

The Aborigines did wear various kinds of personal ornaments such as arm and head bands, necklaces, and bracelets. These were usually made from shells, bones, animal teeth and claws, or bits of feather and fur.

The First Fleet did not stop in Tasmania. There was no settlement in Tasmania (then called Van Diemen's Land), and it was not the location where the new colony was to be established, so there was no reason to stop there.

before Australia became a federation it was 6 british colonies